Spring cloud微服务与RibbitMQ简单应用

Spring cloud微服务与RibbitMQ简单应用

一. 系统架构

  • 系统架构图:在这里插入图片描述

  • 完成要求:

    生产者Producer具备Feign客户端,调用dbService微服务;

    增加微服务dbService,通过Spring Data Jpa 访问数据库获取对象user;

    生产者Producer将获取对象user通过RabbitMQ,发送给消费组groupA和groupB;

二. 运行环境

  • window10
  • erlan24.0
  • RabbitMQ3.8.16
  • mysql8.0

三. 编码实现

1. 创建注册中心-eurekaServer

  • 创建springboot项目,导入依赖

      	<dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
          </dependency>
    
          <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
              <scope>test</scope>
          </dependency>
    
  • 配置文件

    server.port=8761
    eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
    eureka.client.fetch-registry=false
    
  • 启动类加入注解@EnableEurekaServer

    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaServer
    public class EurekaServerApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
        }
    }
    

2. 创建共有模块-common

  • 用于定义User共有类

  • 需要使用的依赖

    	<dependency>
          <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
          <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
          <version>RELEASE</version>
          <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>jakarta.persistence</groupId>
          <artifactId>jakarta.persistence-api</artifactId>
          <version>2.2.3</version>
          <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
          <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
          <version>5.4.31.Final</version>
          <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    
  • User类,加入@Entity/@Table等,供服务(dbSerivce)进行数据库表映射

    /**
     * @Author: cailong
     * @Date: 2021/6/4 18:59
     * @Description: User实体类
     */
    @Data
    @ToString
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    @Entity
    @Table(name = "tb_user")
    public class User implements Serializable {
    
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        @Id
        @GenericGenerator(name = "idGenerator", strategy = "uuid")
        @GeneratedValue(generator = "idGenerator")
        String uid;
        @Column(name = "username",length = 20)
        String userName;
        @Column(name = "password",length = 20)
        String passWord;
    }
    

3. 创建数据库访问服务-DBService

  • pox.xml依赖导入

    		<!-- spring data jpa -->
    		<dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    		<!-- web -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    		<!-- 引入eureka client,服务发现和注册 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    		<!-- mysql驱动 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>8.0.25</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
    		
    		<!-- 引入自主创建的公共模块 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.hcl</groupId>
                <artifactId>common</artifactId>
                <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
                <scope>compile</scope>
            </dependency>
    
  • 配置文件

    server.port=8085
    
    spring.application.name=dbService
    eureka.instance.hostname=localhost
    eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/
    
    spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring-cloud?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&allowMultiQueries=true&useSSL=false
    spring.datasource.username=root
    spring.datasource.password=123456
    
    spring.jpa.database=mysql
    spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
    spring.jpa.show-sql=false
    spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
    
    
  • 创建接口UserRepository,继承JpaRepository来实现对User表的操作

    /**
     * @Author: cailong
     * @Date: 2021/6/4 19:13
     * @Description: 
     */
    @Repository
    public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,String> {
    }
    
  • 控制器创建

    package com.example.dbservice.controller;
    
    import com.example.dbservice.repository.UserRepository;
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.hcl.common.User;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    import java.util.Optional;
    
    /**
     * @Author: cailong
     * @Date: 2021/6/4 19:18
     * @Description:
     */
    @RestController
    @Slf4j
    public class UserController {
    
        @Resource
        private UserRepository userRepository;
    
        /**
         * 根据uid,查询对应的User
         * @param uid
         * @return
         */
        @RequestMapping("/send/{uid}")
        public User send(@PathVariable("uid") String uid){
            log.info("finding uid: "+uid);
            Optional<User> opUser = userRepository.findById(uid);
            if (!opUser.isPresent()) //没有找到对应uid,返回null
                return null;
            log.info(String.valueOf(opUser.get()));
            return opUser.get();
        }
    
        /**
         * 保存新用户
         * @param username
         * @param password
         * @return
         */
        @RequestMapping(value = "/save")
        public User save(String username,String password){
            User user = new User();
            user.setUserName(username);
            user.setPassWord(password);
            user = userRepository.save(user);
            log.info("save user:"+user);
    
            return user;
        }
    }
    
  • 启动类配置

    package com.example.dbservice;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaClient//开启服务发现与注册
    @EntityScan(basePackageClasses = org.hcl.common.User.class)//扫描指定实体类
    public class DbServiceApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(DbServiceApplication.class, args);
        }
    
    }
    
    

4. 创建生产者服务-producer

  • pox.xml,依赖

    		<!-- ribbitMQ -->
    		<dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
    		<!-- feign -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.hcl</groupId>
                <artifactId>common</artifactId>
                <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
                <scope>compile</scope>
            </dependency>
    
  • 配置文件

    server.port=8082
    
    spring.application.name=producer
    eureka.instance.hostname=localhost
    eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/
    
    spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
    spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
    spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
    spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
    
  • 创建FeignClient,用于调用dbService服务

    package com.hcl.producer;
    
    import org.hcl.common.User;
    import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    
    /**
     * @Author: cailong
     * @Date: 2021/6/4 22:46
     * @Description: FeignClient,用于调用dbService服务
     */
    @FeignClient(value = "dbService")
    public interface DBServiceClient {
    
        @RequestMapping("/send/{uid}")
        User getUser(@PathVariable("uid") String uid);
    
    
    }
    
  • 创建接口SendService,用于发送消息到对应的RibbitMQ队列

    package com.hcl.producer;
    
    import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.Output;
    import org.springframework.messaging.MessageChannel;
    
    /**
     * @Author: cailong
     * @Date: 2021/6/4 20:34
     * @Description:
     */
    public interface SendService {
        //建立myUserChannel队列
        @Output("myUserChannel")
        MessageChannel myUser();
    }
    
    
  • 启动类,加入@EnableEurekaClient,@EnableFeignClients,@EnableBinding

    package com.hcl.producer;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
    import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
    import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.EnableBinding;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaClient
    @EnableFeignClients //feign客户端
    @EnableBinding(SendService.class) //绑定消息队列
    public class ProducerApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(ProducerApplication.class, args);
        }
    
    }
    
    
  • 控制器类

    package com.hcl.producer;
    
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.hcl.common.User;
    import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
    import org.springframework.messaging.support.MessageBuilder;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    
    /**
     * @Author: cailong
     * @Date: 2021/6/4 22:44
     * @Description:
     */
    @RestController
    @Slf4j
    public class ProducerController {
    
        @Resource
        private DBServiceClient dbServiceClient;
        @Resource
        SendService sendService;
    
        /**
         * 查找uid用户,如果找到就发送到消息队列中
         * @param uid
         * @return
         */
        @RequestMapping(value = "/sendUser")
        public String sendUser(String uid){
            User user = dbServiceClient.getUser(uid);
            log.info("user:"+user);
            if (user == null) {
                log.warn("fail ! case by uid=" + uid + " from user is null!");
                return "fail ! case by uid=" + uid + " from user is null!";
            }
            //创建消息
            Message msg = MessageBuilder.withPayload(user).build();
            boolean isSend = sendService.myUser().send(msg);
            log.info(isSend==true?"消息已发送到消息队列":"消息发送失败");
            return "SUCCESS!";
        }
    }
    

5. 创建消费者-consumer

  • pox.xml 依赖导入

    		<dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
                <version>2.4.5</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.hcl</groupId>
                <artifactId>common</artifactId>
                <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
                <scope>compile</scope>
            </dependency>
    
  • 配置文件

    server.port=8081
    
    spring.application.name=consumer
    eureka.instance.hostname=localhost
    eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/
    
    spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
    spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
    spring.cloud.stream.bindings.myUserChannel.group=groupA
    
    
  • 接口ReceiveService创建,用于获取消息队列

    package com.hcl.consumer;
    
    import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.Input;
    import org.springframework.messaging.SubscribableChannel;
    
    /**
     * @Author: cailong
     * @Date: 2021/6/4 23:06
     * @Description:
     */
    public interface ReceiveService {
    
        @Input("myUserChannel")
        SubscribableChannel myUser();
    }
    
  • 启动类,以及消息监听

    package com.hcl.consumer;
    
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.hcl.common.User;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.EnableBinding;
    import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.StreamListener;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaClient
    @EnableBinding(ReceiveService.class)
    @Slf4j
    public class ConsumerApplication {
    
        @Value("${spring.application.name}")
        String applicationName;
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args);
        }
    
        /**
         * 接受消息队列中的消息
         * @param user
         */
        @StreamListener("myUserChannel")
        public void receive(User user){
            log.info("I'm "+applicationName);
            log.info("myUserChannel.groupA接收到消息:"+user);
        }
    }
    

second Consumer和Third Consumer 同consumer 几乎相同,不同在于配置文件中的

spring.cloud.stream.bindings.myUserChannel.group=groupA

consumer是groupA,而另外两个是groupB

四. 运行结果

  • 访问Eureka查看服务启动情况

    在这里插入图片描述

  • 查看RibbitMQ界面,myUserChannel.groupA和myUserChannel.groupB队列的消费者状态和绑定信息

    在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述

producer控制台输出

在这里插入图片描述

dbservice控制台输出

在这里插入图片描述

consumer控制台输出

在这里插入图片描述

consumer second 控制台输出

在这里插入图片描述

consumer third 控制台没有输出消息,原因是被consumer second消费了,这两者通过轮询的方式消费myUserChannel.groupB队列

五. 总结

  • 本次实验中RibbitMQ使用的Work模式

    工作队列(即任务队列)背后的主要思想是避免立即执行资源密集型任务,并且必须等待它完成。相反,我们将任务安排在稍后完成。

    我们将任务封装为消息并将其发送到队列。后台运行的工作进程将获取任务并最终执行任务。当运行多个消费者时,任务将在它们之间分发。

    使用任务队列的一个优点是能够轻松地并行工作。如果我们正在积压工作任务,我们可以添加更多工作进程,这样就可以轻松扩展消费者,但是只能有一个消费者获得消息!竞争消费者模式。

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