Spring cloud微服务与RibbitMQ简单应用
一. 系统架构
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系统架构图：
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完成要求：
生产者Producer具备Feign客户端，调用dbService微服务;
增加微服务dbService,通过Spring Data Jpa 访问数据库获取对象user;
生产者Producer将获取对象user通过RabbitMQ,发送给消费组groupA和groupB;
二. 运行环境
- window10
- erlan24.0
- RabbitMQ3.8.16
- mysql8.0
三. 编码实现
1. 创建注册中心-eurekaServer
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创建springboot项目，导入依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> -
配置文件
server.port=8761 eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false eureka.client.fetch-registry=false -
启动类加入注解@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaServer public class EurekaServerApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args); } }
2. 创建共有模块-common
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用于定义User共有类
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需要使用的依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>RELEASE</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>jakarta.persistence</groupId> <artifactId>jakarta.persistence-api</artifactId> <version>2.2.3</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> <version>5.4.31.Final</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> -
User类,加入@Entity/@Table等，供服务(dbSerivce)进行数据库表映射
/** * @Author: cailong * @Date: 2021/6/4 18:59 * @Description: User实体类 */ @Data @ToString @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor @Entity @Table(name = "tb_user") public class User implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Id @GenericGenerator(name = "idGenerator", strategy = "uuid") @GeneratedValue(generator = "idGenerator") String uid; @Column(name = "username",length = 20) String userName; @Column(name = "password",length = 20) String passWord; }
3. 创建数据库访问服务-DBService
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pox.xml依赖导入
<!-- spring data jpa --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- web --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 引入eureka client,服务发现和注册 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- mysql驱动 --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>8.0.25</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- 引入自主创建的公共模块 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.hcl</groupId> <artifactId>common</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> -
配置文件
server.port=8085 spring.application.name=dbService eureka.instance.hostname=localhost eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/ spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring-cloud?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&allowMultiQueries=true&useSSL=false spring.datasource.username=root spring.datasource.password=123456 spring.jpa.database=mysql spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect spring.jpa.show-sql=false spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update -
创建接口UserRepository,继承JpaRepository来实现对User表的操作
/** * @Author: cailong * @Date: 2021/6/4 19:13 * @Description: */ @Repository public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,String> { } -
控制器创建
package com.example.dbservice.controller; import com.example.dbservice.repository.UserRepository; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.hcl.common.User; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import javax.annotation.Resource; import java.util.Optional; /** * @Author: cailong * @Date: 2021/6/4 19:18 * @Description: */ @RestController @Slf4j public class UserController { @Resource private UserRepository userRepository; /** * 根据uid,查询对应的User * @param uid * @return */ @RequestMapping("/send/{uid}") public User send(@PathVariable("uid") String uid){ log.info("finding uid: "+uid); Optional<User> opUser = userRepository.findById(uid); if (!opUser.isPresent()) //没有找到对应uid,返回null return null; log.info(String.valueOf(opUser.get())); return opUser.get(); } /** * 保存新用户 * @param username * @param password * @return */ @RequestMapping(value = "/save") public User save(String username,String password){ User user = new User(); user.setUserName(username); user.setPassWord(password); user = userRepository.save(user); log.info("save user:"+user); return user; } } -
启动类配置
package com.example.dbservice; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient//开启服务发现与注册 @EntityScan(basePackageClasses = org.hcl.common.User.class)//扫描指定实体类 public class DbServiceApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(DbServiceApplication.class, args); } }
4. 创建生产者服务-producer
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pox.xml,依赖
<!-- ribbitMQ --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- feign --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hcl</groupId> <artifactId>common</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> -
配置文件
server.port=8082 spring.application.name=producer eureka.instance.hostname=localhost eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/ spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost spring.rabbitmq.port=5672 spring.rabbitmq.username=guest spring.rabbitmq.password=guest -
创建FeignClient，用于调用dbService服务
package com.hcl.producer; import org.hcl.common.User; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; /** * @Author: cailong * @Date: 2021/6/4 22:46 * @Description: FeignClient，用于调用dbService服务 */ @FeignClient(value = "dbService") public interface DBServiceClient { @RequestMapping("/send/{uid}") User getUser(@PathVariable("uid") String uid); } -
创建接口SendService,用于发送消息到对应的RibbitMQ队列
package com.hcl.producer; import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.Output; import org.springframework.messaging.MessageChannel; /** * @Author: cailong * @Date: 2021/6/4 20:34 * @Description: */ public interface SendService { //建立myUserChannel队列 @Output("myUserChannel") MessageChannel myUser(); } -
启动类，加入@EnableEurekaClient，@EnableFeignClients，@EnableBinding
package com.hcl.producer; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient; import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.EnableBinding; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient @EnableFeignClients //feign客户端 @EnableBinding(SendService.class) //绑定消息队列 public class ProducerApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ProducerApplication.class, args); } } -
控制器类
package com.hcl.producer; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.hcl.common.User; import org.springframework.messaging.Message; import org.springframework.messaging.support.MessageBuilder; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import javax.annotation.Resource; /** * @Author: cailong * @Date: 2021/6/4 22:44 * @Description: */ @RestController @Slf4j public class ProducerController { @Resource private DBServiceClient dbServiceClient; @Resource SendService sendService; /** * 查找uid用户，如果找到就发送到消息队列中 * @param uid * @return */ @RequestMapping(value = "/sendUser") public String sendUser(String uid){ User user = dbServiceClient.getUser(uid); log.info("user:"+user); if (user == null) { log.warn("fail ! case by uid=" + uid + " from user is null!"); return "fail ! case by uid=" + uid + " from user is null!"; } //创建消息 Message msg = MessageBuilder.withPayload(user).build(); boolean isSend = sendService.myUser().send(msg); log.info(isSend==true?"消息已发送到消息队列":"消息发送失败"); return "SUCCESS!"; } }
5. 创建消费者-consumer
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pox.xml 依赖导入
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <version>2.4.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hcl</groupId> <artifactId>common</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> -
配置文件
server.port=8081 spring.application.name=consumer eureka.instance.hostname=localhost eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/ spring.rabbitmq.port=5672 spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost spring.cloud.stream.bindings.myUserChannel.group=groupA -
接口ReceiveService创建，用于获取消息队列
package com.hcl.consumer; import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.Input; import org.springframework.messaging.SubscribableChannel; /** * @Author: cailong * @Date: 2021/6/4 23:06 * @Description: */ public interface ReceiveService { @Input("myUserChannel") SubscribableChannel myUser(); } -
启动类，以及消息监听
package com.hcl.consumer; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.hcl.common.User; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.EnableBinding; import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.StreamListener; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient @EnableBinding(ReceiveService.class) @Slf4j public class ConsumerApplication { @Value("${spring.application.name}") String applicationName; public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args); } /** * 接受消息队列中的消息 * @param user */ @StreamListener("myUserChannel") public void receive(User user){ log.info("I'm "+applicationName); log.info("myUserChannel.groupA接收到消息："+user); } }
second Consumer和Third Consumer 同consumer 几乎相同，不同在于配置文件中的
spring.cloud.stream.bindings.myUserChannel.group=groupA
consumer是groupA,而另外两个是groupB
四. 运行结果
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访问Eureka查看服务启动情况
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查看RibbitMQ界面，myUserChannel.groupA和myUserChannel.groupB队列的消费者状态和绑定信息
producer控制台输出
dbservice控制台输出
consumer控制台输出
consumer second 控制台输出
consumer third 控制台没有输出消息，原因是被consumer second消费了，这两者通过轮询的方式消费myUserChannel.groupB队列
五. 总结
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本次实验中RibbitMQ使用的Work模式
工作队列(即任务队列)背后的主要思想是避免立即执行资源密集型任务，并且必须等待它完成。相反，我们将任务安排在稍后完成。
我们将任务封装为消息并将其发送到队列。后台运行的工作进程将获取任务并最终执行任务。当运行多个消费者时，任务将在它们之间分发。
使用任务队列的一个优点是能够轻松地并行工作。如果我们正在积压工作任务，我们可以添加更多工作进程，这样就可以轻松扩展消费者，但是只能有一个消费者获得消息！竞争消费者模式。
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