1 网络编程思路
TCP通信流程分析:
server:
- socket() 创建socket
- bind() 绑定服务器地址结构
- listen() 设置监听上限
- accept() 阻塞监听客户端连接
- read(fd) 读socket获取客户端数据
- 小–大写 toupper()
- write(fd)
- close();
client:
- socket() 创建socket
- connect(); 与服务器建立连接
- write() 写数据到 socket
- read() 读转换后的数据。
- 显示读取结果
- close()
UDP通信流程分析:
server:
- socket() 创建socket
- bind() 绑定服务器地址结构
- 数据收发 使用UDP指定的函数
- close();
client:
- socket() 创建socket
- 数据收发 使用UDP指定的函数
- close()
2 Windows下网络编程(TCP)
下面例程只是简单实现Windows下TCP通信,接受和发送的逻辑需要自己根据需要进行修改。
/********************************/
/* Server.c */
/********************************/
#include "stdio.h"
#include "winsock2.h"
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
SOCKET client_socket;
struct sockaddr_in local;
void ReceiveData(void)
{
char buf[1024];
while (1)
{
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
recv(client_socket, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
printf("%s\n", buf);
}
}
int main()
{
char buf[1024];
WSADATA wsaData;
WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
SOCKET server_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (server_socket == -1)
{
printf("server socket error:%ld\r\n", GetLastError());
return -1;
}
local.sin_family = AF_INET;
local.sin_port = htons(8080);
local.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("0.0.0.0");
int ret = bind(server_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&local, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
if (ret == -1)
{
printf("bind error:%ld\r\n", GetLastError());
return -1;
}
printf("bind success\r\n");
ret = listen(server_socket, 10);
if (ret == -1)
{
printf("listen error:%ld\r\n", GetLastError());
return -1;
}
printf("listen success\r\n");
client_socket = accept(server_socket, NULL, NULL);
/*创建线程*/
HANDLE hThread = CreateThread(NULL, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)ReceiveData, NULL, 0, NULL);
if (hThread == NULL)
{
printf("CreateThread failed.\n");
return 1;
}
while (1)
{
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
printf("input your message:");
scanf("%s", buf);
send(client_socket, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
}
// WaitForSingleObject();
closesocket(client_socket);
closesocket(server_socket);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
/********************************/
/* Client.c */
/********************************/
#include "stdio.h"
#include "winsock2.h"
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
SOCKET client_socket;
void ReceiveData(void)
{
char buf[1024];
while (1)
{
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
if (recv(client_socket, buf, sizeof(buf), 0) != 0)
printf("recv server message:%s\n", buf);
}
}
int main()
{
char buf[1024];
WSADATA wsaData;
WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
client_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (client_socket == -1)
{
printf("server socket error:%ld\r\n", GetLastError());
return -1;
}
struct sockaddr_in target;
target.sin_family = AF_INET;
target.sin_port = htons(8080);
target.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); // 目标IP地址
int ret = connect(client_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&target, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
if (ret == -1)
{
printf("connect error:%ld\r\n", GetLastError());
return -1;
}
/*创建线程*/
HANDLE hThread = CreateThread(NULL, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)ReceiveData, NULL, 0, NULL);
if (hThread == NULL)
{
printf("CreateThread failed.\n");
return 1;
}
while (1)
{
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
printf("input your message:");
scanf("%s", buf);
send(client_socket, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
}
closesocket(client_socket);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
注:如果Windows下编译报错,需要在tasks.json中的字段"args"
后添加"-lwsock32"
3 Linux下网络编程(TCP)
/********************************/
/* Server.c */
/********************************/
#include "stdio.h"
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include "pthread.h"
#include "unistd.h"
#include "string.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#define PORT 6666
#define IP "127.0.0.1"
void sys_erro(const char *str)
{
perror(str);
exit(1);
}
void *tfn(void *arg);
struct sockaddr_in ser_addr, cli_addr;
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char buf[1024];
pthread_t thread;
socklen_t cli_len;
ser_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
ser_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
ser_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(IP);
int sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sfd < 0)
sys_erro("socket error");
int bfd = bind(sfd, (struct sockaddr *)&ser_addr, sizeof(ser_addr));
if (bfd < 0)
sys_erro("bind error");
int lfd = listen(sfd, 10);
if (lfd < 0)
sys_erro("listen error");
int afd = accept(sfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cli_addr, &cli_len);
if (afd < 0)
sys_erro("accept error");
pthread_create(&thread, NULL, tfn, (void *)&afd);
while (1)
{
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
printf("请输入你的消息:");
scanf("%s", buf);
send(afd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
}
pthread_join(thread, NULL);
close(afd);
close(sfd);
return 0;
}
void *tfn(void *arg)
{
char buf[1024];
int afd = *(int *)arg;
while (1)
{
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
recv(afd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
printf("来自%s的消息%s\n", inet_ntoa(ser_addr.sin_addr), buf);
}
}
/********************************/
/* Client.c */
/********************************/
#include "stdio.h"
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include "pthread.h"
#include "unistd.h"
#include "string.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#define PORT 6666
#define IP "127.0.0.1"
void sys_erro(const char *str)
{
perror(str);
exit(1);
}
void *tfn(void *arg);
struct sockaddr_in ser_addr, cli_addr;
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char buf[1024];
pthread_t thread;
socklen_t cli_len;
ser_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
ser_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
ser_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(IP);
int sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sfd < 0)
sys_erro("socket error");
int cfd = connect(sfd, (struct sockaddr *)&ser_addr, sizeof(ser_addr));
pthread_create(&thread, NULL, tfn, (void *)&sfd);
while (1)
{
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
printf("请输入你的消息:");
scanf("%s", buf);
send(sfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
}
pthread_join(thread, NULL);
pthread_cancel(thread);
close(sfd);
return 0;
}
void *tfn(void *arg)
{
char buf[1024];
int sfd = *(int *)arg;
while (1)
{
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
if (recv(sfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0) != 0)
printf("来自服务器的消息%s\n", buf);
}
}
4 Linux下网络编程(UDP)
/********************************/
/* UDP_Server.c */
/********************************/
#include "stdio.h"
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include "pthread.h"
#include "unistd.h"
#include "string.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#define PORT 8888
#define IP "192.168.43.245"
void sys_err(const char *str)
{
perror(str);
exit(1);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char buf[1024];
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sockfd < 0)
sys_err("socket");
int val = 1; // 打开
setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &val, sizeof(val));
struct sockaddr_in ser_addr, cli_addr;
ser_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
ser_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
ser_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(IP);
int bindfd = bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&ser_addr, sizeof(ser_addr));
if (bindfd < 0)
sys_err("bind");
socklen_t len = sizeof(cli_addr);
while (1)
{
recvfrom(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&cli_addr, &len);
printf("来自客户端的信息%s\n", buf);
sendto(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&cli_addr, sizeof(cli_addr));
}
return 0;
}
/********************************/
/* UDP_Client.c */
/********************************/
#include "stdio.h"
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include "pthread.h"
#include "unistd.h"
#include "string.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#define PORT 8888
#define IP "192.168.43.245"
void sys_err(const char *str)
{
perror(str);
exit(1);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char buf[1024];
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sockfd < 0)
sys_err("socket");
struct sockaddr_in ser_addr, cli_addr;
ser_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
ser_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
ser_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(IP);
while (1)
{
printf("请输入你要发送的数据:");
scanf("%s", buf);
sendto(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&ser_addr, sizeof(ser_addr));
printf("来自服务器的信息%s\n", buf);
}
return 0;
}
注:windows下的UDP编程思路和Linux差不多,这里没有写代码,大家可以自己尝试写一下。