【Python】记录五：使用anaconda安装Tensorflow+在spyder和jupyter中启动Tensorflow

在对python有了一定的了解之后，就开始来学习鼎鼎有名的Tensorflow吧，这里将主要介绍如何在Windows系统下使用anaconda安装Tensorflow，如何在spyder和jupyter中使用Tensorflow。
电脑配置：普通CPU版本+Win7系统+64位+anaconda3+python3

1. 使用anaconda安装Tensorflow

Tensorflow的安装方法貌似有很多种，由于电脑中前期就一直安装的是anaconda，这里就直接在anaconda中来安装它了，感觉这样操作也是比较省事的。首先打开cmd命令行，进入conda环境，接着输入命令行

conda create -n tensorflow python=3.6

系统会显示需要下载安装的包，确认安装后，它就开始自动安装了。接着激活这个conda环境，输入命令行：

activate tensorflow

并安装cpu版本的tensorflow

pip install --ignore-installed --upgrade

测试是否安装成功，在tensorflow环境中进入python，输入以下代码：

>>>import tensorflow as tf
>>>hello = tf.constant("hello, tensorflow!")
>>>sess = tf.Session()
>>>print(sess.run(hello))

如果安装成功了，会显示如下结果：

b'hello,tensorflow'

使用tensorflow后，要记得关闭环境：

deactivate tensorflow

---

后记：在后来的使用中，按照上述方式却一直无法成功import tensorflow，ImportError: DLL load failed。具体报错信息为:

(tensorflow) C:\Users\Administrator>python
Python 3.6.3 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Nov  8 2017, 15:10:56) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tensorflow
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 58, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python.pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 28, in <module>
    _pywrap_tensorflow_internal = swig_import_helper()
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper
    _mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow_internal', fp, pathname, description)
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\imp.py", line 243, in load_module
    return load_dynamic(name, filename, file)
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\imp.py", line 343, in load_dynamic
    return _load(spec)
ImportError: DLL load failed: 找不到指定的模块。

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\__init__.py", line 22, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow  # pylint: disable=unused-import
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\__init__.py", line 49, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 74, in <module>
    raise ImportError(msg)
ImportError: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 58, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python.pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 28, in <module>
    _pywrap_tensorflow_internal = swig_import_helper()
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper
    _mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow_internal', fp, pathname, description)
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\imp.py", line 243, in load_module
    return load_dynamic(name, filename, file)
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\imp.py", line 343, in load_dynamic
    return _load(spec)
ImportError: DLL load failed: 找不到指定的模块。


Failed to load the native TensorFlow runtime.

See https://www.tensorflow.org/install/install_sources#common_installation_problems

for some common reasons and solutions.  Include the entire stack trace
above this error message when asking for help.

针对该问题的解决方法，可以参考这里的方法。

2. 在spyder中启动Tensorflow

我们在安装好tensorflow后，打开anaconda nagavitor可以发现，除了原本的root环境外，已经有了一个新的tensorflow环境。

在新的tensorflow环境下，我们再次安装spyder和jupyter notebook。原来的anaconda目录下又多了几个带有tensorflow的图标。

此时打开带有tensorflow的spyder图标，就可以在spyder中使用tensorflow了~

3. 在jupyter notebook 中启动Tensorflow

jupyter notebook中启动tensorflow要比上面的spyder麻烦一些。虽然我们已经安装了带有tensorflow的jupyter，但是当我们打开jupyter，输入

import tensorflow as tf

发现系统还是会报错

其实还是要接着在cmd中的tensorflow下输入以下：

ipython kernelspec install-self --user

如果运行正常的话，会给出这样的结果：

Installed kernelspec python3

此时再去jupyter中新建文件，输入以下测试代码：

import tensorflow as tf
hello = tf.constant("hello, tensorflow!")
sess = tf.Session()
print(sess.run(hello))

会得到正确结果;

b'hello, tensorflow!'

这样就成功在jupyter中使用tensorflow了~