《Python Crash Course》导读（Chapter 7）

Code：[ZachxPKU/Python Crash Course]

Chapter 7 User input and while loops

7.1 How the input() function works

message = input("Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: ")
print(message)

7.1.1 Writing clear prompts

name = input("Please enter your name: ")
print(f"\nHello, {name}!")

prompt = "If you tell us who you are, we can personalize the messages you see."
prompt += "\nWhat is your first name? "
name = input(prompt)
print(f"\nHello, {name}!")

7.1.2 Using int() to accept numerical input

age = input("How old are you? ")

age

age = int(age)

age >= 18

height = input("How tall are you, in inches? ")
height = int(height)
if height >= 48:
    print("\nYou're tall enough to ride!")
else:
    print("\nYou'll be able to ride when you're a little older.")

7.1.3 The modulo operator

5 % 2

6 % 3

8 % 3

number = input("Enter a number, and I'll tell you if it's even or odd: ")
number = int(number)
if number % 2 == 0:
    print(f"\nThe number {number} is even.")
else:
    print(f"\nThe number {number} is odd.")

TRY IT YOURSELF

• rental_car.py
• rental_car.py
• multiples_of_ten.py

7.2 Introducing while loops

The for loop takes a collection of items and executes a block of code once for each item in the collection. In contrast, the while loop runs as long as, or while, a certain condition is true.

7.2.1 The while loop in action

current_number = 1
while current_number <= 5:
    print(current_number)
    current_number += 1

7.2.2 Letting the user choose when to quit

prompt = "If you tell us who you are, we can personalize the messages you see."
prompt += "\nWhat is your first name? "
message = ""
while message != 'quit':
    message = input(prompt)
    
    if message != 'quit':
        print(message)

7.2.3 Using a flag

prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program. "
active = True
while active:
    message = input(prompt)
    if message == 'quit':
        active = False
    else:
        print(message)

7.2.4 Using break to exit a loop

prompt = "\nPlease enter the name of a city you have visited:"
prompt += "\n(Enter 'quit' when you are finished.) "

while True:
    city = input(prompt)
    
    if city == 'quit':
        break
    else:
        print(f"I'd love to go to {city.title()}!")

7.2.5 Using continue in a Loop

current_number = 0
while current_number < 10:
    current_number += 1
    if current_number % 2 == 0:
        continue
    
    print(current_number)

7.2.6 Avoiding Infinite Loops

x = 1
while x <= 5:
    print(x)
    x += 1

# x = 1
# while x <= 5:
#     print(x)

TRY IT YOURSELF

• pizza_toppings.py
• movie_tickets.py
• infinity.py

7.3 Using a while loop with lists and dictionaries

A for loop is effective for looping through a list, but you shouldn’t modify
a list inside a for loop because Python will have trouble keeping track of the items in the list. To modify a list as you work through it, use a while loop. Using while loops with lists and dictionaries allows you to collect, store, and organize lots of input to examine and report on later.

7.3.1 Moving items from one list to another

unconfirmed_users = ['alice', 'brian', 'candace']
confirmed_users = []

while unconfirmed_users:
    current_user = unconfirmed_users.pop()
    print(f"Verifying user: {current_user.title()}")
    confirmed_users.append(current_user)
print("\nThe following users have been confirmed:")
for confirmed_user in confirmed_users:
    print(confirmed_user.title())

7.3.2 Removing all instances of specific values from a list

pets = ['dog', 'cat', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'cat', 'rabbit', 'cat']
print(pets)
while 'cat' in pets:
    pets.remove('cat')
    print(pets)

7.3.3 Filling a dictionary with user input

responses = {}
polling_active = True

while polling_active:
    name = input("\nWhat is your name? ")
    response = input("Which mountain would you like to climb someday? ")
    
    responses[name] = response
    
    repeat = input("Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/ no) ")
    if repeat == 'no':
        polling_active = False
print("\n--- Poll Results ---")
for name, response in responses.items():
    print(f"{name} would like to climb {response}.")

TRY IT YOURSELF

• deli.py
• no_pastrami.py
• dream_vacation.py

7.4 Summary