1.cobbler服务端部署
1.配置yum源
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CeOS7-Base-163.repo
--2020-01-06 09:17:45-- http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
正在解析主机 mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)... 59.111.0.251
正在连接 mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)|59.111.0.251|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求,正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度:1572 (1.5K) [application/octet-stream]
正在保存至: “/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo”
100%[==========================================================>] 1,572 --.-K/s 用时 0s
2020-01-06 09:17:45 (156 MB/s) - 已保存 “/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo” [1572/1572])
2018-08-10 12:07:17 (191 MB/s) - ‘CentOS7-Base-163.repo’ saved [1572/1572]
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
安装过程略。。。。
[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS7-Base-163.repo epel.repo epel-testing.repo myrepo.repo redhat.repo
2.安装cobbler以及相关的软件
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd dhcp tftp python-ctypes cobbler xinetd cobbler-web pykickstart
安装过程略....
//启动服务并设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.
//修改server的ip地址为本机ip
[root@localhost ~]# vim/etc/cobbler/settings
server: 192.168.100.130
//设置tftp的ip地址为本机ip
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
next_server: 192.168.100.130
//开启tftp
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/disable/s/yes/no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
//下载缺失文件
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2018-08-21_152811_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Tue Aug 21 15:28:11 2018)
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
//启动rsync并设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start rsyncd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.
//生成加密的密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" 'zrl98726'
$1$28958$sq1sJFDX0bZo.H8Q.8NLg0 //这是密码加密后的形式
//将新生成的加密密码加入到配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted: "$1$28958$sq1sJFDX0bZo.H8Q.8NLg0"
//重启cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:25151 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:873 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::443 :::*
LISTEN 0 5 :::873 :::*
//关闭selinux,将其设置为disbaled,然后重启电脑
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
//通过cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
//以上两个是关于debian系统的错误,请忽略
//配置cobbler dhcp
//修改cobbler配置文件,让cobbler控制dhcp
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
manage_dhcp: 1
//配置dhcp
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
.... //此处为省略内容
subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { //设置成本地网段
option routers 192.168.100.130; //设置网关
option domain-name-servers 192.168.100.130; //此处为系统安装好后指定的dns地址
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.100.10 192.168.100.20; //设置dhcp分配的ip范围
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;
.... //此处为省略内容
//重启服务并同步配置,改完dhcp必须要sync同步配置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2020-01-06_100927_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Mon Jan 6 10:09:27 2020)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -aulp|grep dhcp
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:bootps 0.0.0.0:* 1445/dhcpd
//导入redhat7镜像
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=rhel-7 --arch=x86_64
task started: 2018-08-21_162444_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Tue Aug 21 16:24:44 2018)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64:
creating new distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/rhel-7-x86_64
creating new profile: rhel-7-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64 for rhel-7-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64 //导入镜像的位置
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
//说明:
--path //镜像路径
--name //为安装源定义一个名字
--arch //指定安装源平台
//安装源的唯一标示就是根据name参数来定义,本例导入成功后,安装源的唯一标示就是:CentOS-7-x86_64,如果重复,系统会提示导入失败
//查看cobbler镜像列表
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler list
distros:
rhel-7-x86_64
profiles:
rhel-7-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:
//创建kickstarts自动安装脚本
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=15000
text
firewall --disabled
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US
url --url=http://192.168.100.128/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64
$yum_repo_stanza
reboot
rootpw --iscrypted $6$inqPK938da2zjmKE$.ZVoyJ35VKJKdrYaxtJlDTsIV4ZbqN7BDQprjWAppTDkNmRelyqkpgY0ZGXnjQJXrq2HLY580li3.P2NHxyqo.
selinux --disabled
skipx
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
install
zerombr
%packages
@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools
%end
%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'
%end
%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end
EOF
//检查ks文件语法是否有误
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler validateks
cobbler validateks
task started: 2020-01-06_111641_validateks
task started (id=Kickstart Validation, time=Mon Jan 6 11:16:41 2020)
----------------------------
osversion: rhel7
checking url: http://192.168.100.128/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-x86_64
running: /usr/bin/ksvalidator -v "rhel7" "http://192.168.100.128/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-x86_64"
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
*** all kickstarts seem to be ok ***
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
//查看当前cobbler有哪些配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile list
rhel-7-x86_64
//修改profile,将我们新建的ks文件设为默认的kickstarts安装文件
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
//配置网卡名称为传统网卡名称eth0
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
//检查当前系统cobbler配置文件信息
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile report
Name : rhel-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : rhel-7-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {}
Kernel Options : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
Kickstart Metadata : {}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
Name Servers : []
Name Servers Search Path : []
Owners : ['admin']
Parent Profile :
Internal proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server Override : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
Virt Auto Boot : 1
Virt Bridge : xenbr0
Virt CPUs : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
Virt File Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm
//同步cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2020-01-06_111723_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Mon Jan 6 11:17:23 2020)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for rhel-7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
//为避免发生未知问题,先把服务端所有服务重启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restarrt cobblerd
Unknown operation 'restarrt'.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:25151 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:873 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::443 :::*
LISTEN 0 5 :::873 :::*
测试
新建虚拟机从pxe启动,若出现以下界面则表示成功:
定制安装步骤:
统计服务器mac地址
配置cobbler
安装
统计mac地址此处就不赘述了,直接最重要的配置
在 cobbler 的web界面上配置:
1.登录页面https://192.168.100.128/cobbler_web,输入登录账号和密码,账号密码 cobbler进入
2.点击systems如图配置
3.配置名称和网关,dns
在新建的虚拟机上获取mac地址
5.配置网卡和mac地址,ip掩码
保存即可
点击sync重启服务
测试
打开虚拟机后就自动安装