Mountain Number （数位dp）

One integer number x is called "Mountain Number" if:

(1) x>0 and x is an integer;

(2) Assume x=a[0]a[1]...a[len-2]a[len-1](0≤a[i]≤9, a[0] is positive). Any a[2i+1] is larger or equal to a[2i] and a[2i+2](if exists).

For example, 111, 132, 893, 7 are "Mountain Number" while 123, 10, 76889 are not "Mountain Number".

Now you are given L and R, how many "Mountain Number" can be found between L and R (inclusive) ?

Input

The first line of the input contains an integer T (T≤100), indicating the number of test cases.

Then T cases, for any case, only two integers L and R (1≤L≤R≤1,000,000,000).

Output

For each test case, output the number of "Mountain Number" between L and R in a single line.

Sample Input

3
1 10
1 100
1 1000

Sample Output

9
54
384

题目大概：

找出像山一样的数的个数，即偶数位比奇数位大的数，找出范围内这种数的个数。

思路：

基础数位dp，一要注意前导零，二要分好类，讨论位数的大小。

代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>
using namespace std;
long long a[22];
long long dp[22][25][2];


long long dpp(int pos,int qian,int jo,int lead,int limit)
{
    if(pos==-1)return 1;
    if(!limit&&dp[pos][qian][jo]!=-1)return dp[pos][qian][jo];
    long long sun=0;
    int end=limit?a[pos]:9;
    for(int i=0;i<=end;i++)
    {
        if(!(lead||i))
        sun+=dpp(pos-1,9,0,0,limit&&i==a[pos]);
        else if(jo&&i>=qian)
        sun+=dpp(pos-1,i,!jo,1,limit&&i==a[pos]);
        else if(!jo&&i<=qian)
        sun+=dpp(pos-1,i,!jo,1,limit&&i==a[pos]);

    }
    if(!limit)dp[pos][qian][jo]=sun;
    return sun;
}

long  long go(long long x)
{
    int pos=0;
    while(x)
    {
        a[pos++]=x%10;
        x/=10;
    }

    return dpp(pos-1,9,0,0,1);
}

int main()
{
    long long n,m,t;
    memset(dp,-1,sizeof(dp));
    scanf("%I64d",&t);
    while(t--)
    {   scanf("%I64d%I64d",&n,&m);
        printf("%I64d\n",go(m)-go(n-1));
    }

    return 0;
}