任务调度是指基于给定时间点,给定时间间隔或者给定执行次数自动执行任务
一 、简单的Timer实现
package com.chen.time;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
public class MyTimerTask extends TimerTask {
private String jobName = "";
public MyTimerTask(String jobName) {
super();
this.jobName = jobName;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("execute " + jobName);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Timer timer = new Timer();
long delay1 = 1 * 1000;
long period1 = 1000;
// 从现在开始 1 秒钟之后,每隔 1 秒钟执行一次 Task1
timer.schedule(new MyTimerTask("Task1"), delay1, period1);
long delay2 = 2 * 1000;
long period2 = 2000;
// 从现在开始 2 秒钟之后,每隔 2 秒钟执行一次 Task2
timer.schedule(new MyTimerTask("Task2"), delay2, period2);
}
}
output
execute Task1
execute Task1execute Task2
execute Task1
execute Task1
execute Task2
Timer 的设计核心是一个 TaskList 和一个 TaskThread。Timer 将接收到的任务丢到自己的 TaskList 中,TaskList 按照 Task 的最初执行时间进行排序。TimerThread 在创建 Timer 时会启动成为一个守护线程。这个线程会轮询所有任务,找到一个最近要执行的任务,然后休眠,当到达最近要执行任务的开始时间点,TimerThread 被唤醒并执行该任务。之后 TimerThread 更新最近一个要执行的任务,继续休眠
二、ScheduledExecutorService 运行线程,执行定时任务
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class MyRunTask implements Runnable {
private String jobName = "";
public MyRunTask(String jobName) {
super();
this.jobName = jobName;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("run " + jobName);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ScheduledExecutorService service = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(10);
long initialDelay1 = 1;
long period1 = 1;
// 从现在开始1秒钟之后,每隔1秒钟执行一次job1
service.scheduleAtFixedRate(new MyRunTask("job1"), initialDelay1, period1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
long initialDelay2 = 1;
long delay2 = 1;
// 从现在开始2秒钟之后,每隔2秒钟执行一次job2
service.scheduleWithFixedDelay(new MyRunTask("job2"), initialDelay2, delay2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
}
ScheduledExecutorService 中两种最常用的调度方法 ScheduleAtFixedRate 和 ScheduleWithFixedDelay。ScheduleAtFixedRate 每次执行时间为上一次任务开始起向后推一个时间间隔,即每次执行时间为 :initialDelay, initialDelay+period, initialDelay+2*period, …;ScheduleWithFixedDelay 每次执行时间为上一次任务结束起向后推一个时间间隔,即每次执行时间为:initialDelay, initialDelay+executeTime+delay, initialDelay+2*executeTime+2*delay。由此可见,ScheduleAtFixedRate 是基于固定时间间隔进行任务调度,ScheduleWithFixedDelay 取决于每次任务执行的时间长短,是基于不固定时间间隔进行任务调度。
用 ScheduledExecutor 和 Calendar 实现复杂任务调度
Timer 和 ScheduledExecutor 都仅能提供基于开始时间与重复间隔的任务调度,不能胜任更加复杂的调度需求。比如,设置每星期二的 16:38:10 执行任务。该功能使用 Timer 和 ScheduledExecutor 都不能直接实现,但我们可以借助 Calendar 间接实现该功能。
public class ScheduledExceutorTest extends TimerTask {
private String jobName = "";
public ScheduledExceutorTest(String jobName) {
super();
this.jobName = jobName;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Date = " + new Date() + ", execute " + jobName);
}
/**
* 计算从当前时间currentDate开始,满足条件dayOfWeek, hourOfDay, minuteOfHour,
* secondOfMinite的最近时间
*
* @return
*/
public Calendar getEarliestDate(Calendar currentDate, int dayOfWeek, int hourOfDay, int minuteOfHour,
int secondOfMinite) {
// 计算当前时间的WEEK_OF_YEAR,DAY_OF_WEEK, HOUR_OF_DAY, MINUTE,SECOND等各个字段值
int currentWeekOfYear = currentDate.get(Calendar.WEEK_OF_YEAR);
int currentDayOfWeek = currentDate.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK);
int currentHour = currentDate.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
int currentMinute = currentDate.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
int currentSecond = currentDate.get(Calendar.SECOND);
// 如果输入条件中的dayOfWeek小于当前日期的dayOfWeek,则WEEK_OF_YEAR需要推迟一周
boolean weekLater = false;
if (dayOfWeek < currentDayOfWeek) {
weekLater = true;
} else if (dayOfWeek == currentDayOfWeek) {
// 当输入条件与当前日期的dayOfWeek相等时,如果输入条件中的
// hourOfDay小于当前日期的
// currentHour,则WEEK_OF_YEAR需要推迟一周
if (hourOfDay < currentHour) {
weekLater = true;
} else if (hourOfDay == currentHour) {
// 当输入条件与当前日期的dayOfWeek, hourOfDay相等时,
// 如果输入条件中的minuteOfHour小于当前日期的
// currentMinute,则WEEK_OF_YEAR需要推迟一周
if (minuteOfHour < currentMinute) {
weekLater = true;
} else if (minuteOfHour == currentSecond) {
// 当输入条件与当前日期的dayOfWeek, hourOfDay,
// minuteOfHour相等时,如果输入条件中的
// secondOfMinite小于当前日期的currentSecond,
// 则WEEK_OF_YEAR需要推迟一周
if (secondOfMinite < currentSecond) {
weekLater = true;
}
}
}
}
if (weekLater) {
// 设置当前日期中的WEEK_OF_YEAR为当前周推迟一周
currentDate.set(Calendar.WEEK_OF_YEAR, currentWeekOfYear + 1);
}
// 设置当前日期中的DAY_OF_WEEK,HOUR_OF_DAY,MINUTE,SECOND为输入条件中的值。
currentDate.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, dayOfWeek);
currentDate.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, hourOfDay);
currentDate.set(Calendar.MINUTE, minuteOfHour);
currentDate.set(Calendar.SECOND, secondOfMinite);
return currentDate;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ScheduledExceutorTest test = new ScheduledExceutorTest("job1");
// 获取当前时间
Calendar currentDate = Calendar.getInstance();
long currentDateLong = currentDate.getTime().getTime();
System.out.println("Current Date = " + currentDate.getTime().toString());
// 计算满足条件的最近一次执行时间
Calendar earliestDate = test.getEarliestDate(currentDate, 3, 16, 38, 10);
long earliestDateLong = earliestDate.getTime().getTime();
System.out.println("Earliest Date = " + earliestDate.getTime().toString());
// 计算从当前时间到最近一次执行时间的时间间隔
long delay = earliestDateLong - currentDateLong;
// 计算执行周期为一星期
long period = 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
ScheduledExecutorService service = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(10);
// 从现在开始delay毫秒之后,每隔一星期执行一次job1
service.scheduleAtFixedRate(test, delay, period, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
}
其他第三方 定时任务 :