一.基础知识
当我们开发需要和服务器交互的应用程序时,基本上都需要获取服务器端的数据,比如《地震及时通》就需要及时获取服务器上最新的地震信息。要获取服务器上不定时更新的信息一般来说有两种方法,第一种是客户端使用Pull(拉)的方式,隔一段时间就去服务器上获取信息,看是否有更新的信息出现。第二种就是服务器使用Push(推送)的方式,当服务器端有新信息了,则把最新的信息Push到客户端上。
虽然Pull和Push两种方式都能实现获取服务器端更新信息的功能,但是明显来说Push is better than pull。因为Pull方式更费客户端的网络流量,更主要的是费电量。
Android从2.2版本开始增加了Cloud to Device Messaging(C2DM)框架,在系统中支持了Push功能,基于Android平台使用Push功能更加简单了。虽然C2DM目前还处在实验室阶段,不过小规模的使用应该没问题
下面我们就来体验一下Android的C2DM功能。
二.C2DM框架
使用Android的C2DM功能有几个要求:
1. 需要Android2.2及以上的系统版本。
2. 使用C2DM功能的Android设备上需要设置好Google的账户。
3. 需要在这里注册使用C2DM功能的用户邮箱账号(最好为C2DM单独注册一个Gmail邮箱账号)。
我们接下来C2DM的一个完整过程,这里借用一下Google官方推出的Chrome To Phone过程图来说明下。
要使用C2DM来进行Push操作,基本上要使用以下6个步骤:
(1)注册:Android设备把使用C2DM功能的用户账户(比如android.c2dm.demo@gmail.com)和App名称发送给C2DM服务器。
(2)C2DM服务器会返回一个registration_id值给Android设备,设备需要保存这个registration_id值。
(3)Android设备把获得的registration_id和C2DM功能的用户账户(android.c2dm.demo@gmail.com)发送给自己的服务器,不过一般用户账户信息因为和服务器确定好的,所以不必发送。
这样Android设备就完成了C2DM功能的注册过程,接下来就可以接收C2DM服务器Push过来的消息了。
(4)服务器获得数据。这里图中的例子Chrome To Phone,服务器接收到Chrome浏览器发送的数据。数据也可以是服务器本地产生的。这里的服务器是Google AppEngine(很好的一项服务,可惜在国内被屏了),要换成自己的服务器。服务器还要获取注册使用C2DM功能的用户账户(android.c2dm.demo@gmail.com)的ClientLogin权限Auth。
(5)服务器把要发送的数据和registration_id一起,并且头部带上获取的Auth,使用POST的方式发送给C2DM服务器。
(6)C2DM服务器会以Push的方式把数据发送给对应的Android设备,Android设备只要在程序中按之前和服务器商量好的格式从对应的key中获取数据即可。
这样我们就大概明白了C2DM的工作流程,下面我们就结合一个实例来具体的说明以上6个步骤。
三.实例开发
我们要创建的程序名称为AndroidC2DMDemo,包名为com.ichliebephone.c2dm。
开始之前我们先去C2DM网页上注册一下使用C2DM功能的用户账户。
图2 应用程序名
其中应用程序名要填写带包名的完整名称,比如这里为om.ichliebephone.c2dm. AndroidC2DMDemo。
图3 C2DM用户账户注册
这里的contact邮箱使用一个你能接收到邮件的邮箱即可,下面的Role(sender)account邮箱最好单独注册一个Gmail邮箱来使用C2DM服务。我们这里使用的是专门注册的android.c2dm.deno@gmail.com邮箱。
提交后,过一段时间就会收到Google发送过来的确认邮件,然后你就可以使用C2DM的Push服务了。
介绍了这么多,我们先来快速完成一个实例,只完成Android设备端的注册部分,不包含向服务器发送registration_id和服务器向C2DM服务器发送数据的具体代码,这部分只是用Ubuntu下的curl命令来模拟,主要是快速亲自体验一下Push的结果。
创建一个Android工程AndroidC2DMDemo,并且包含进Google的开源例子Chrome To Phone中的c2dm包com.google.android.c2dm,包中包含三个Java类,分别为:
第一个类为C2DMBaseReceiver:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.gif)
1 /*
2 * Copyright 2010 Google Inc.
3 *
4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7 *
8 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9 *
10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 * limitations under the License.
15 */
16
17 package com.google.android.c2dm;
18
19 import java.io.IOException;
20
21 import android.app.AlarmManager;
22 import android.app.IntentService;
23 import android.app.PendingIntent;
24 import android.content.Context;
25 import android.content.Intent;
26 import android.os.PowerManager;
27 import android.util.Log;
28
29 /**
30 * Base class for C2D message receiver. Includes constants for the
31 * strings used in the protocol.
32 */
33 /**
34 * 接收和处理C2DM消息的基类
35 * */
36 public abstract class C2DMBaseReceiver extends IntentService {
37 //和C2DM Push的Intent内容相关
38 //重新向C2DM服务器注册
39 private static final String C2DM_RETRY = "com.google.android.c2dm.intent.RETRY";
40 //向C2DM服务器注册后的回调处理
41 public static final String REGISTRATION_CALLBACK_INTENT = "com.google.android.c2dm.intent.REGISTRATION";
42 //接收到C2DM服务器的推送消息
43 private static final String C2DM_INTENT = "com.google.android.c2dm.intent.RECEIVE";
44
45 // Logging tag
46 private static final String TAG = "C2DM";
47
48 // Extras in the registration callback intents.
49 //向C2DM注册返回的intent中包含的key
50 public static final String EXTRA_UNREGISTERED = "unregistered";
51 public static final String EXTRA_ERROR = "error";
52 public static final String EXTRA_REGISTRATION_ID = "registration_id";
53 //向C2DM注册出错的原因
54 public static final String ERR_SERVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE = "SERVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE";
55 public static final String ERR_ACCOUNT_MISSING = "ACCOUNT_MISSING";
56 public static final String ERR_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED = "AUTHENTICATION_FAILED";
57 public static final String ERR_TOO_MANY_REGISTRATIONS = "TOO_MANY_REGISTRATIONS";
58 public static final String ERR_INVALID_PARAMETERS = "INVALID_PARAMETERS";
59 public static final String ERR_INVALID_SENDER = "INVALID_SENDER";
60 public static final String ERR_PHONE_REGISTRATION_ERROR = "PHONE_REGISTRATION_ERROR";
61
62 // wakelock
63 private static final String WAKELOCK_KEY = "C2DM_LIB";
64
65 private static PowerManager.WakeLock mWakeLock;
66 private final String senderId;
67
68 /**
69 * The C2DMReceiver class must create a no-arg constructor and pass the
70 * sender id to be used for registration.
71 */
72 public C2DMBaseReceiver(String senderId) {
73 // senderId is used as base name for threads, etc.
74 super(senderId);
75 this.senderId = senderId;
76 }
77 //下面几个是接收到C2DM Push过来的信息后的回调函数,都可以在继承的子类中处理
78 /**
79 * Called when a cloud message has been received.
80 */
81 /**
82 * 接收到C2DM服务器Push的消息后的回调函数,需要在继承的子类中处理
83 * */
84 protected abstract void onMessage(Context context, Intent intent);
85
86 /**
87 * Called on registration error. Override to provide better
88 * error messages.
89 *
90 * This is called in the context of a Service - no dialog or UI.
91 */
92 /**
93 * 出错的回调函数
94 * */
95 public abstract void onError(Context context, String errorId);
96
97 /**
98 * Called when a registration token has been received.
99 */
100 /**
101 * 注册后的回调函数
102 * */
103 public void onRegistered(Context context, String registrationId) throws IOException {
104 // registrationId will also be saved
105 }
106
107 /**
108 * Called when the device has been unregistered.
109 */
110 /**
111 * 取消注册的回调函数
112 * */
113 public void onUnregistered(Context context) {
114 }
115
116 //IntentService的方法
117 @Override
118 public final void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
119 try {
120 Context context = getApplicationContext();
121 if (intent.getAction().equals(REGISTRATION_CALLBACK_INTENT)) {
122 handleRegistration(context, intent);//处理注册后的回调
123 } else if (intent.getAction().equals(C2DM_INTENT)) {
124 onMessage(context, intent);//处理C2DM Push消息的回调
125 } else if (intent.getAction().equals(C2DM_RETRY)) {
126 C2DMessaging.register(context, senderId); //重新注册
127 }
128 } finally {
129 // Release the power lock, so phone can get back to sleep.
130 // The lock is reference counted by default, so multiple
131 // messages are ok.
132
133 // If the onMessage() needs to spawn a thread or do something else,
134 // it should use it's own lock.
135 mWakeLock.release();
136 }
137 }
138
139
140 /**
141 * Called from the broadcast receiver.
142 * Will process the received intent, call handleMessage(), registered(), etc.
143 * in background threads, with a wake lock, while keeping the service
144 * alive.
145 */
146 static void runIntentInService(Context context, Intent intent) {
147 if (mWakeLock == null) {
148 // This is called from BroadcastReceiver, there is no init.
149 PowerManager pm =
150 (PowerManager) context.getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE);
151 mWakeLock = pm.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK,
152 WAKELOCK_KEY);
153 }
154 mWakeLock.acquire();
155
156 // Use a naming convention, similar with how permissions and intents are
157 // used. Alternatives are introspection or an ugly use of statics.
158 String receiver = context.getPackageName() + ".C2DMReceiver";
159 intent.setClassName(context, receiver);
160
161 context.startService(intent);
162
163 }
164
165 //处理注册后的回调
166 private void handleRegistration(final Context context, Intent intent) {
167 final String registrationId = intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_REGISTRATION_ID);
168 String error = intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_ERROR);
169 String removed = intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_UNREGISTERED);
170 Log.v(TAG, "handleRegistration");
171 //打印出接收到的registraton_id
172 Log.v(TAG, "dmControl: registrationId = " + registrationId +
173 ", error = " + error + ", removed = " + removed);
174 if (Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.DEBUG)) {
175 Log.d(TAG, "dmControl: registrationId = " + registrationId +
176 ", error = " + error + ", removed = " + removed);
177 }
178 if (removed != null) {
179 // Remember we are unregistered
180 C2DMessaging.clearRegistrationId(context);
181 onUnregistered(context);
182 return;
183 } else if (error != null) {
184 // we are not registered, can try again
185 C2DMessaging.clearRegistrationId(context);
186 // Registration failed
187 Log.e(TAG, "Registration error " + error);
188 onError(context, error);
189 if ("SERVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE".equals(error)) {
190 long backoffTimeMs = C2DMessaging.getBackoff(context);
191
192 Log.d(TAG, "Scheduling registration retry, backoff = " + backoffTimeMs);
193 Intent retryIntent = new Intent(C2DM_RETRY);
194 PendingIntent retryPIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context,
195 0 /*requestCode*/, retryIntent, 0 /*flags*/);
196
197 AlarmManager am = (AlarmManager) context.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
198 am.set(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME,
199 backoffTimeMs, retryPIntent);
200
201 // Next retry should wait longer.
202 backoffTimeMs *= 2;
203 C2DMessaging.setBackoff(context, backoffTimeMs);
204 }
205 } else {
206 try {
207 onRegistered(context, registrationId);
208 C2DMessaging.setRegistrationId(context, registrationId);
209 } catch (IOException ex) {
210 Log.e(TAG, "Registration error " + ex.getMessage());
211 }
212 }
213 }
214 }
第二个类为C2DMBroadcastReceiver:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.gif)
1 /*
2 */
3 package com.google.android.c2dm;
4
5 import android.app.Activity;
6 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
7 import android.content.Context;
8 import android.content.Intent;
9
10 /**
11 * Helper class to handle BroadcastReciver behavior.
12 * - can only run for a limited amount of time - it must start a real service
13 * for longer activity
14 * - must get the power lock, must make sure it's released when all done.
15 *
16 */
17 /**
18 * 帮助类,帮忙处理BroadcastReciver过程
19 * */
20 public class C2DMBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
21
22 @Override
23 public final void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
24 // To keep things in one place.
25 C2DMBaseReceiver.runIntentInService(context, intent);
26 setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, null /* data */, null /* extra */);
27 }
28 }
第三个类为C2DMessaging:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.gif)
1 /*
2 * Copyright 2010 Google Inc.
3 *
4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7 *
8 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9 *
10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 * limitations under the License.
15 */
16
17 package com.google.android.c2dm;
18
19 import android.app.PendingIntent;
20 import android.content.Context;
21 import android.content.Intent;
22 import android.content.SharedPreferences;
23 import android.content.SharedPreferences.Editor;
24
25 /**
26 * Utilities for device registration.
27 *
28 * Will keep track of the registration token in a private preference.
29 */
30 /**
31 * 和注册相关的一些实用函数
32 * */
33 public class C2DMessaging {
34 public static final String EXTRA_SENDER = "sender";
35 public static final String EXTRA_APPLICATION_PENDING_INTENT = "app";
36 public static final String REQUEST_UNREGISTRATION_INTENT = "com.google.android.c2dm.intent.UNREGISTER";
37 public static final String REQUEST_REGISTRATION_INTENT = "com.google.android.c2dm.intent.REGISTER";
38 public static final String LAST_REGISTRATION_CHANGE = "last_registration_change";
39 public static final String BACKOFF = "backoff";
40 public static final String GSF_PACKAGE = "com.google.android.gsf"; //GSF为GoogleServicesFramework.apk的缩写
41
42
43 // package
44 static final String PREFERENCE = "com.google.android.c2dm";
45
46 private static final long DEFAULT_BACKOFF = 30000;
47
48 /**
49 * Initiate c2d messaging registration for the current application
50 */
51 public static void register(Context context,
52 String senderId) {
53 Intent registrationIntent = new Intent(REQUEST_REGISTRATION_INTENT);
54 registrationIntent.setPackage(GSF_PACKAGE);
55 registrationIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_APPLICATION_PENDING_INTENT,
56 PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, 0, new Intent(), 0));
57 registrationIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_SENDER, senderId);
58 context.startService(registrationIntent);
59 // TODO: if intent not found, notification on need to have GSF
60 }
61
62 /**
63 * Unregister the application. New messages will be blocked by server.
64 */
65 public static void unregister(Context context) {
66 Intent regIntent = new Intent(REQUEST_UNREGISTRATION_INTENT);
67 regIntent.setPackage(GSF_PACKAGE);
68 regIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_APPLICATION_PENDING_INTENT, PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context,
69 0, new Intent(), 0));
70 context.startService(regIntent);
71 }
72
73 /**
74 * Return the current registration id.
75 *
76 * If result is empty, the registration has failed.
77 *
78 * @return registration id, or empty string if the registration is not complete.
79 */
80 public static String getRegistrationId(Context context) {
81 final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences(
82 PREFERENCE,
83 Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
84 String registrationId = prefs.getString("dm_registration", "");
85 return registrationId;
86 }
87
88 public static long getLastRegistrationChange(Context context) {
89 final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences(
90 PREFERENCE,
91 Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
92 return prefs.getLong(LAST_REGISTRATION_CHANGE, 0);
93 }
94
95 static long getBackoff(Context context) {
96 final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences(
97 PREFERENCE,
98 Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
99 return prefs.getLong(BACKOFF, DEFAULT_BACKOFF);
100 }
101
102 static void setBackoff(Context context, long backoff) {
103 final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences(
104 PREFERENCE,
105 Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
106 Editor editor = prefs.edit();
107 editor.putLong(BACKOFF, backoff);
108 editor.commit();
109
110 }
111
112 // package
113 static void clearRegistrationId(Context context) {
114 final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences(
115 PREFERENCE,
116 Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
117 Editor editor = prefs.edit();
118 editor.putString("dm_registration", "");
119 editor.putLong(LAST_REGISTRATION_CHANGE, System.currentTimeMillis());
120 editor.commit();
121
122 }
123
124 // package
125 static void setRegistrationId(Context context, String registrationId) {
126 final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences(
127 PREFERENCE,
128 Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
129 Editor editor = prefs.edit();
130 editor.putString("dm_registration", registrationId);
131 editor.commit();
132
133 }
134 }
代码中已添加了部分中文注释,可以先大概了解下,等整个工程建立完了在一起解释。
然后创建我们自己的包com.ichliebephone.c2dm,包含两个类,一个是工程的入口AndroidC2DMDemo:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.gif)
1 package com.ichliebephone.c2dm;
2
3 import com.google.android.c2dm.C2DMessaging;
4
5 import android.app.Activity;
6 import android.os.Bundle;
7 import android.util.Log;
8
9 public class AndroidC2DMDemo extends Activity {
10 /** Called when the activity is first created. */
11 private static final String TAG = "AndroidC2DMDemo";
12 public static final String SENDER_ID = "android.c2dm.demo@gmail.com"; //使用C2DM服务的用户账户
13 public static final String MESSAGE_KEY_ONE = "msg"; //和服务器商量好的接收消息的键值key
14
15 @Override
16 public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
17 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
18 setContentView(R.layout.main);
19
20 Log.v(TAG, "Start");
21 //向C2DM服务器注册
22 C2DMessaging.register(this, SENDER_ID);
23 }
24
25
26 }
很简单,就是开始向C2DM服务器进行注册。
另一个类为C2DMBaseReceiver的子类C2DMReceiver:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.gif)
1 package com.ichliebephone.c2dm;
2
3 import java.io.IOException;
4
5 import android.app.Notification;
6 import android.app.NotificationManager;
7 import android.app.PendingIntent;
8 import android.content.Context;
9 import android.content.Intent;
10 import android.os.Bundle;
11 import android.util.Log;
12
13 import com.google.android.c2dm.C2DMBaseReceiver;
14 //接收C2DM服务器Push的消息,包括注册返回的registration_id消息,推送的数据消息等
15 public class C2DMReceiver extends C2DMBaseReceiver{
16
17 private static final String TAG="C2DMReceiver";
18 //
19 public C2DMReceiver()
20 {
21 super(AndroidC2DMDemo.SENDER_ID);
22 }
23 public C2DMReceiver(String senderId) {
24 super(senderId);
25 // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
26 }
27 //接收到Push消息的回调函数
28 @Override
29 protected void onMessage(Context context, Intent intent) {
30 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
31 Log.v(TAG, "C2DMReceiver message");
32 Bundle extras = intent.getExtras();
33 if(extras!=null){
34 String msg = (String)extras.get(AndroidC2DMDemo.MESSAGE_KEY_ONE);
35 Log.v(TAG, "The received msg = "+msg);
36 //在标题栏上显示通知
37 NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
38 Notification notification = new Notification(R.drawable.icon, msg, System.currentTimeMillis());
39 PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, new Intent(this, AndroidC2DMDemo.class), 0);
40 notification.setLatestEventInfo(this, getString(R.string.app_name), msg, contentIntent);
41 notificationManager.notify(0, notification);
42
43 }
44 }
45
46 @Override
47 public void onError(Context context, String errorId) {
48 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
49 Log.v(TAG, "C2DMReceiver error");
50 }
51
52 @Override
53 public void onRegistered(Context context, String registrationId)
54 throws IOException {
55 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
56 super.onRegistered(context, registrationId);
57 Log.v(TAG, "C2DMReceiver Register");
58 }
59 @Override
60 public void onUnregistered(Context context) {
61 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
62 super.onUnregistered(context);
63 Log.v(TAG, "C2DMReceiver UnRegister");
64 }
65 }
在这个类中我们主要在接收到Push的回调函数onMessage中对消息进行了接收,并且使用Notification的方式显示在状态栏上。
我们完整的工程目录是这样的:
图4 工程目录
最后我们还要在AndroidManifest.xml中增加对应的权限等内容:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.gif)
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
2 <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
3 package="com.ichliebephone.c2dm"
4 android:versionCode="1"
5 android:versionName="1.0">
6 <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />
7
8 <!--Only this application can receive the message and registration result -->
9 <!-- 设置一个权限,使只有这个应用才能接收到对应Push的消息及注册时返回的结果 -->
10 <permission android:name="com.ichliebephone.c2dm.permission.C2D_MESSAGE"
11 android:protectionLevel="signature"></permission>
12 <uses-permission android:name="com.ichliebephone.c2dm.permission.C2D_MESSAGE"/>
13 <!-- This application has the permission to register and receive c2dm message -->
14 <!-- 设置注册和接收C2DM Push消息的权限 -->
15 <uses-permission android:name="com.google.android.c2dm.permission.RECEIVE" />
16 <!-- Send and registration id to the server -->
17 <!-- 设置联网权限,在把registration_id发送给服务器的时候要用 -->
18 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
19 <!-- App must have this permission to use the library -->
20 <!-- 其他和获取手机中用户账户相关的权限 -->
21 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
22 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS" />
23 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.USE_CREDENTIALS" />
24
25 <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
26 <activity android:name=".AndroidC2DMDemo"
27 android:label="@string/app_name">
28 <intent-filter>
29 <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
30 <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
31 </intent-filter>
32 </activity>
33
34 <!-- In order to use the c2dm library, an
35 application must declare a class with the name C2DMReceiver, in its
36 own package, extending com.google.android.c2dm.C2DMBaseReceiver
37 It must also include this section in the manifest. -->
38 <!-- 为了使用c2dm包com.google.android.c2dm及其对应的3个类,我们需要声明一个
39 继承com.google.android.c2dm.C2DMBaseReceiver类的子类C2DMReceiver,
40 并且要在这声明下 -->
41 <service android:name=".C2DMReceiver" />
42
43 <!-- Only google service can send data messages for the app. If permission is not set -
44 any other app can generate it -->
45 <!-- 谷歌的C2DM服务只为这个程序发送数据,声明对应的权限 -->
46 <receiver android:name="com.google.android.c2dm.C2DMBroadcastReceiver"
47 android:permission="com.google.android.c2dm.permission.SEND">
48 <!-- Receive the actual message -->
49 <!-- 可以接收实际的Push数据 -->
50 <intent-filter>
51 <action android:name="com.google.android.c2dm.intent.RECEIVE" />
52 <category android:name="com.ichliebephone.c2dm" />
53 </intent-filter>
54 <!-- Receive the registration id -->
55 <!-- 可以接收注册后返回的registration_id -->
56 <intent-filter>
57 <action android:name="com.google.android.c2dm.intent.REGISTRATION" />
58 <category android:name="com.ichliebephone.c2dm" />
59 </intent-filter>
60 </receiver>
61 </application>
62 </manifest>
因为C2DM功能只有2.2及以上的Android系统才支持,因此创建一个2.2及以上的AVD,然后在”设置->账户与同步”里还要设置好Google Account,如下图所示:
图5 设置Android设备中的Google账户
然后就可以运行程序了,我们会在DDMS输出中看到获得的registration_id:
图6 获得的registration_id
如果第一次运行没有出现,试着再运行一次。
有了registration_id,我们的服务器端就可以向C2DM端发送需要Push的数据了,这里进行简单化处理下,在Ubuntu下直接使用curl命令来模拟服务器功能向C2DM发送数据。
我们先来获取C2DM的ClientLogin权限Auth,在Ubuntu终端下输入:
1 lingaohe@lingaohe-laptop:~$ curl -d "accountType=HOSTED_OR_GOOGLE&Email=android.c2dm.demo@gmail.com&Passwd=androidc2dmdemo&service=ac2dm&source=bupt-c2dmdemo-1.0" https://www.google.com/accounts/ClientLogin
这个表示以POST的方式向https://www.google.com/accounts/ClientLogin发送数据,其中把Email和Passwd换成你自己在C2DM网页上注册的邮箱号和密码。
如果你的邮箱已在C2DM网页上注册,并且密码没有错误的话就会返回需要的Auth内容:
1 SID=DQAAAKYAAADcTtHbBBNcZJEOfkfVRycD_ZOIidwsQ3UwIY7cSrYWaY6uhlfo0l9gRPB-mQxP4K2T5tWiG--vWVmSTeq5p8SPwgnsYvfzj7bkNiPPIy4xRimVVfBmAHnZgLohw7gHMKi5DS6kK-Ut5tNzdTkI0I2tUDF0ryQ7MnPpI6Sj-gUCyBXmvKatHHDnNTTV78XdGIx7FYej1DyqGsPsYo3bCstHgltjv3cd2Hs7D4yrpUWHZw
2 LSID=DQAAAKgAAABCpaoUE4XvxM24Cofntw1IUGx5fKxX-m7aqTL0zhunP0OjzJ2sn9ywmPa1BMZ2cF2IchuxHFLVzaSQfydAmiHZJGXLgaUorpIN6yz1e0VFWKmS6j4wGjZOos3QoJ9rkha0jKbOiHfBesADjxk-qjJ24TJ0RL-xkZHQyzS69YlA1KyzqIKjAMCzgqaDfCwhqxylJzizJksO2h8xpAFXZ38d_grm8XYZtzejiCiAMAR65A
3 Auth=DQAAAKoAAACRF4pgYULnXULoWgbwfdqmMiRhfZYa1l-LW_rwGD7cofov4L4c2bVrtCOXbEbkju_hhqdAonpMkrb5icptt28fU8c-s-u1y2MXNYDxPIdQzfA2t6oI3NTmyj35MpsR1NKL4TN7ZVEn6z9NueuiKAqLHukZYh1YMGkGC8M6rVvA7AWPW36064XCQED7KLVNp_pGT00lrni7UdZKZWEy0FT-EVR-OxDyHWw6C-5Kmfkisw
返回的内容包括SID,LSID和Auth三个部分,其中Auth是我们需要的内容。
有了Auth和registration_id值后,我们就可以继续用curl命令模拟我们自己服务器的功能向C2DM发送要推送的数据:
1 lingaohe@lingaohe-laptop:~$ curl -H "Authorization:GoogleLogin auth=DQAAAKoAAACRF4pgYULnXULoWgbwfdqmMiRhfZYa1l-LW_rwGD7cofov4L4c2bVrtCOXbEbkju_hhqdAonpMkrb5icptt28fU8c-s-u1y2MXNYDxPIdQzfA2t6oI3NTmyj35MpsR1NKL4TN7ZVEn6z9NueuiKAqLHukZYh1YMGkGC8M6rVvA7AWPW36064XCQED7KLVNp_pGT00lrni7UdZKZWEy0FT-EVR-OxDyHWw6C-5Kmfkisw" -d "registration_id=APA91bGUBoSvt3G5Ny9t0IGLmIKAKYX6G6VHwSQHh3tP2fqcaQ0N4GPdKh5B3RDUHFCFF06YwT8ifOP_cOy5BAWyCLHL8d8NpuIW9AqXt9h2JSBVF2MitZA&collapse_key=1&data.msg=ichliebejiajia" https://android.apis.google.com/c2dm/send
其中发送的数据部分为data.msg=ichliebejiajia,表示发送的数据内容为ichliebejiajia,键值为msg,键值得和Android终端上的程序统一好,以便终端上可以获取。如果发送成功,会返回一个id值,比如:
1 id=0:1308623423080544%6c5c15c200000031
2 lingaohe@lingaohe-laptop:~$
这时我们的服务器就已经把数据发送给C2DM服务器了,Android设备上一会就能接收到C2DM服务器Push的数据。
在我们的例子中我们可以看到DDMS中打印出的消息:
图7 获取到的Push数据
同时Android模拟器的状态栏上会有对应的通知显示:
图8 Android模拟器接收到的Push数据
这样我们就快速实现了下Android的C2DM框架的Push功能。进一步的具体解释说明及服务器端的代码处理我们以后再学习。
文章对应的完整代码例子下载地址:
http://download.csdn.net/source/3425855
转载自:http://blog.csdn.net/ichliebephone/article/details/6591071