docker 使用mysql数据库,采用外部数据卷方式 在主机备份数据库

本文章主要介绍 如何使用数据卷，备份docker容器数据库的数据。默认宿主设备已安装好docker.

一、准备阶段

在宿主设备上创建目录，一个配置文件my.cnf。  目录将作为容器内数据库实际数据和日志数据的数据卷。

创建完成后，如下所示

[root@yj138 mysqlbak]# ls -a
.  ..  data  my.cnf
[root@yj138 mysqlbak]# 

修改配置文件内容  my.cnf， 这个文件起始也不需要改变，如果构建镜像时，已经修改，且反之在 /etc/my.cnf下。其实，在安装过程中，该文件默认在 安装路下， 只要mysqld 配置了basedir参数，可不用将该文件拷贝到/etc/目录下。 

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
 basedir =/usr/local/mysql
 datadir =/usr/local/mysql/data
 port =3306
 server_id =/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid
 socket =/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
#socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

[client]
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 

#sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES 

二、启动容器

docker run -tdi -v /mysqlbak/data:/use/local/mysql/data -v /mysqlbak/my.cnf:/etc/my.cnf  --name mysql IMAGEID

启动容器后，进入容器内部

docker exec -ti mysql /bin/bash

三、数据库初始化

该步骤字需要初始化一次（如果挂载的数据库备份目录不变），如果每次启动挂载不同的目录，则启动容器后，需要初始化，不然会爆出如下错误。同时需要注意 myql的数据目录的权限应该是 mysql:mysql(这是自己创建的，也可是其他用户，但注意在数据库初始化是需要指定该用户名)

root@6aae6b71082e:/usr/local/mysql# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL
. * The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/6aae6b71082e.pid).
root@6aae6b71082e:/usr/local/mysql# 

 ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid

数据库初始化，需要进入到目录 script ， 然后执行上述指令。

执行完成后，发现 data 目录下新建了内容，同时在宿主设备对应的目下，也发现相同内容

root@6aae6b71082e:/usr/local/mysql/scripts# cd ..
root@6aae6b71082e:/usr/local/mysql# cd data && ls -a
.  ..  6aae6b71082e.err  auto.cnf  ib_logfile0  ib_logfile1  ibdata1  mysql  performance_schema  test
root@6aae6b71082e:/usr/local/mysql/data# exit
[root@yj138 mysqlbak]# cd data && ls -a
.  ..  6aae6b71082e.err  auto.cnf  ibdata1  ib_logfile0  ib_logfile1  mysql  performance_schema  test
[root@yj138 data]# 

三、启动容器内的数据库

完成上述后，可启动容器内数据库

root@6aae6b71082e:/usr/local/mysql/data# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL
. * 
root@6aae6b71082e:/usr/local/mysql/data# 

查看下启动状态

root@6aae6b71082e:/usr/local/mysql/data# service mysqld status
 * MySQL running (452)
root@6aae6b71082e:/usr/local/mysql/data# 

尝试添加数据库，添加数据，看外部是否有备份

mysql> create database test1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test1;

mysql> CREATE TABLE userInfo( userId int not null, usename varchar(50), userage int, primary key(userId));                                                          Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO userInfo VALUES(1,'test', 20);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)



mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
| test1              |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test1;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables
    -> ;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_test1 |
+-----------------+
| userInfo        |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from userInfo;
+--------+---------+---------+
| userId | usename | userage |
+--------+---------+---------+
|      1 | test    |      20 |
+--------+---------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

查看下外部数据

[root@yj138 data]# ls -a
.  ..  6aae6b71082e.err  6aae6b71082e.pid  auto.cnf  ibdata1  ib_logfile0  ib_logfile1  mysql  performance_schema  test  test1
[root@yj138 data]# cd test1 && ls -a
.  ..  db.opt  userInfo.frm  userInfo.ibd
[root@yj138 test1]# 

bingo 。 如果需要确保容器断开就重启， 在docker run  启动容器时，添加参数 --restart=always

下次重点，研究如何将数据和日志分开存储。