TFTP协议
TFTP是一个传输文件的简单协议,它其于UDP协议而实现,但是我们也不能确定有些TFTP协议是基于其它传输协议完成的。此协议设计的时候是进行小文件传输的。因此它不具备通常的FTP的许多功能,它只能从文件服务器上获得或写入文件,不能列出目录,不进行认证,它传输8位数据。传输中有三种模式:netascii,这是8位的ASCII码形式,另一种是 octet,这是8位源数据类型;最后一种mail已经不再支持,它将返回的数据直接返回给用户而不是保存为文件。
TFTP包
TFTP支持五种类型的包,我们在以上已经说明这五种类型的包:
opcode operation
1 Read request (RRQ)
2 Write request (WRQ)
3 Data (DATA)
4 Acknowledgment (ACK)
5 Error (ERROR)
包头中包括了这个包所指定的操作码。
TFTP下载模型
文件下载
int do_download(int sfd, struct sockaddr_in sin)
{
char filename[20] = "";
char buf[516] = "";
bzero(buf, sizeof(buf));
printf("请输入要下载的文件名:");
fgets(filename, sizeof(filename), stdin);
filename[strlen(filename) - 1] = 0;
//发送下载请求包
int size = sprintf(buf, "%c%c%s%c%s%c", 0, 1, filename, 0, "octet", 0);
if (sendto(sfd, buf, size, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0)
{
perror("sendto");
return -1;
}
int fd = -1, flag = 0;
socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(sin);
ssize_t res = 0;
unsigned short num = 0; //记录数据包的编号
//循环接收数据包,回复ACK
while (1)
{
bzero(buf, sizeof(buf));
res = recvfrom(sfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, &addrlen);
if (res < 0)
{
perror("recvfrom");
return -1;
}
if (3 == buf[1])
{
//判断收到的包是否出错
if (htons(num + 1) == *(unsigned short *)(buf + 2))
{
num++;
if (0 == flag)
{
fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0664);
if (fd < 0)
{
perror("open");
return -1;
}
flag = 1;
}
if (write(fd, buf + 4, res - 4) < 0)
{
perror("write");
return -1;
}
//回复ACK,
buf[1] = 4;
if (sendto(sfd, buf, 4, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0)
{
perror("sendto");
return -1;
}
//判断数据包中下载的数据是否小于512,小于512默认传输完成
if (res - 4 < 512)
{
printf("%s 文件下载完毕\n", filename);
break;
}
}
}
else if (5 == buf[1])
{
fprintf(stderr, "错误码:%d 错误信息:%s\n", ntohs(*(unsigned short *)(buf + 2)), buf + 4);
break;
}
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
文件上传
int do_upload(int sfd, struct sockaddr_in sin)
{
char filename[20] = "";
char buf[516] = "";
bzero(buf, sizeof(buf));
START:
printf("请输入要上传的文件名:");
fgets(filename, sizeof(filename), stdin);
filename[strlen(filename) - 1] = 0;
if (access(filename, F_OK) != 0)
{
printf("文件不存在\n");
goto START;
}
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen(filename, "r");
//发送下载请求包
int size = sprintf(buf, "%c%c%s%c%s%c", 0, 2, filename, 0, "octet", 0);
if (sendto(sfd, buf, size, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0)
{
perror("sendto");
return -1;
}
socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(sin);
ssize_t res = 0;
unsigned short num = 0; //记录数据包的编号
//循环发送数据包,接收ACK
while (1)
{
bzero(buf, sizeof(buf));
res = recvfrom(sfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, &addrlen);
if (res < 0)
{
perror("recvfrom");
return -1;
}
if (4 == buf[1])
{
//构造数据包
*((unsigned short *)buf) = htons(3);
*((unsigned short *)(buf + 2)) = htons(num + 1);
res = fread(buf + 4, 1, 512, fp);
if (res != 512)
{
if (ferror(fp))
{
printf("读取错误\n");
return -1;
}
else if (feof(fp))
{
printf("文件读取完毕\n");
}
}
//发送数据包
if (res == sendto(sfd, buf, res + 4, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0)
{
perror("sendto");
fclose(fp);
return -1;
}
if (res < 512)
{
printf("文件上传成功\n");
break;
}
num++;
}
else
{
if (num == 0)
{
if (sendto(sfd, buf, size, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0)
{
perror("sendto");
return -1;
}
}
else
{
if (res == sendto(sfd, buf, res + 4, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0)
{
perror("sendto");
fclose(fp);
return -1;
}
}
}
}
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
main
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define PORT 69
#define IP "192.168.31.221"
int do_download(int sfd, struct sockaddr_in sin);
int do_upload(int sfd, struct sockaddr_in sin);
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
int sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sfd < 0)
{
perror("socket");
return -1;
}
//服务器相关信息
struct sockaddr_in sin;
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
sin.sin_port = htons(PORT);
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(IP);
char c = 0;
while (1)
{
system("clear");
printf("========================TFTP文件客户端=============================\n");
printf("-----------------------------功能菜单------------------------------\n");
printf("\t\t\t1.下载文件\n");
printf("\t\t\t2.上传文件\n");
printf("\t\t\t3.退出系统\n");
printf("-------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("请选择你要执行的操作:");
c = getchar();
while (getchar() != 10)
;
switch (c)
{
case '1':
do_download(sfd, sin);
break;
case '2':
do_upload(sfd, sin);
break;
case '3':
goto END;
break;
default:
printf("输入错误,请重新输入\n");
}
printf("点击任意处清屏:");
while (getchar() != 10)
;
}
END:
//关闭文件描述符
close(sfd);
return 0;
}