实现TFTP协议客户端，并且向服务器下载文件（附代码）

以下是一个简单的TFTP客户端的C语言例子，可以用于向服务器请求下载文件：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#define TFTP_PORT 69

typedef struct {
    unsigned short opcode;
    union {
        unsigned short block_num;
        unsigned short error_code;
        char data[1];
    } data;
} tftp_packet;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    if(argc != 3) {
        printf("Usage: %s <server_ip> <file_name>\n", argv[0]);
        exit(1);
    }

    int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
    if(sockfd < 0) {
        perror("socket");
        exit(1);
    }

    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
    memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(TFTP_PORT);
    if(inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[1], &servaddr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
        perror("inet_pton");
        exit(1);
    }

    tftp_packet *packet = (tftp_packet *)malloc(sizeof(tftp_packet) + strlen(argv[2]) + 1);
    packet->opcode = htons(1);
    strcpy(packet->data.data, argv[2]);
    sendto(sockfd, packet, sizeof(tftp_packet) + strlen(argv[2]) + 1, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));

    FILE *fp = fopen(argv[2], "wb");
    if(fp == NULL) {
        perror("fopen");
        exit(1);
    }

    int block_num = 1;
    while(1) {
        tftp_packet *packet = (tftp_packet *)malloc(sizeof(tftp_packet) + 512);
        socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(servaddr);
        int n = recvfrom(sockfd, packet, sizeof(tftp_packet) + 512, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, &addrlen);
        if(n < 0) {
            perror("recvfrom");
            exit(1);
        }

        if(ntohs(packet->opcode) == 3) {
            if(ntohs(packet->data.block_num) == block_num) {
                fwrite(packet->data.data, 1, n - sizeof(tftp_packet), fp);
                block_num++;
            }

            packet->opcode = htons(4);
            packet->data.block_num = htons(block_num - 1);
            sendto(sockfd, packet, sizeof(tftp_packet), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));

            if(n - sizeof(tftp_packet) < 512) {
                break;
            }
        } else if(ntohs(packet->opcode) == 5) {
            printf("Error: %d\n", ntohs(packet->data.error_code));
            exit(1);
        }
    }

    fclose(fp);
    close(sockfd);
    return 0;
}

该例子中，客户端向服务器发送一个读请求，请求下载指定文件。客户端接收到服务器的数据包后，将数据写入本地文件中。同时，客户端还需要发送确认包给服务器，以确认已经接收到数据包。如果服务器返回错误信息，则客户端需要打印错误信息并退出。
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