sum函数的用法（matlab）

摘自matlab

sum Sum of elements.
S = sum(X) is the sum of the elements of the vector X. If X is a matrix,
S is a row vector with the sum over each column. For N-D arrays,
sum(X) operates along the first non-singleton dimension.

S = sum(X,DIM) sums along the dimension DIM. 

S = sum(..., TYPE) specifies the type in which the 
sum is performed, and the type of S. Available options are:

'double'    -  S has class double for any input X
'native'    -  S has the same class as X
'default'   -  If X is floating point, that is double or single,
               S has the same class as X. If X is not floating point, 
               S has class double.

S = sum(..., MISSING) specifies how NaN (Not-A-Number) values are 
treated. The default is 'includenan':

'includenan' - the sum of a vector containing NaN values is also NaN.
'omitnan'    - the sum of a vector containing NaN values
               is the sum of all its non-NaN elements. If all 
               elements are NaN, the result is 0.

Examples:
If   X = [0 1 2; 3 4 5]
then sum(X, 1) is [3 5 7] and sum(X, 2) is [3; 12]

If X = int8(1:20) then sum(X) accumulates in double and the
result is double(210) while sum(X,'native') accumulates in
int8, but overflows and saturates to int8(127).

用法（翻译）

sum：元素的和。
S = sum(X) 是向量X的元素的和。如果X是一个矩阵，S是一个行向量（每一列的元素之和组成）。对于一个N*D的数组，sum(X) 沿着第一个非单例的维度进行操作。（？？）>>操作之后发现sum（X）=sum（X，1）
S = sum(X,DIM)：沿着某个维度来求和。>>sum(x，1)就是按列求和，生成一个行向量；sum（X，2）就是按行求和，生成一个列向量；sum（X，3），这里只要DIM大于等于3，得出来的结果都是X本身，因为平常用到的矩阵都是二维的（三维情况不同）。
S = sum(…, TYPE)将sum的结果专门指定某种格式，可以指定的种类有：
‘double’ - 对任意输入的X，S都是double型
‘native’ - S和X的型完全相同
‘default’ - 如果X是浮点型，那么不管X是双精度还是单精度型，S都和X型相同. 如果X不是浮点型，那么S是double型。

S = sum(…, MISSING)指定了NAN的值怎么运算，默认是includenan。
‘includenan’ - 包含了非数字量的向量的和任然是非数字量。
‘omitnan’ - the sum of a vector containing NaN values
is the sum of all its non-NaN elements. If all
elements are NaN, the result is 0.（没搞懂，有空更正）