文章目录
大家好啊!我用Tkinter写了一个天气预报小工具,支持34个省级行政区以及港澳台地区天气,覆盖全面。程序打包好放在了蓝奏云,与大家分享一下。(2021-08-16更新1.5)
一.准备工作
不需要准备。
二.预览
1.启动
启动以后自动定位所在城市,展示定位城市的天气。
2.添加城市
3.展示多个城市天气
添加天气之后能够显示多个城市天气信息。
三.设计流程
1.获取城市天气信息过程(V1.0)
用此流程图展示定位城市信息到获取城市天气信息过程。
2.获取城市天气信息过程(V1.5)
四.源代码
1.Weather_Tool-v2.0.py
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
from PIL import Image,ImageTk
from tkinter import messagebox
from Weather_Spider import Weather_Get
from threading import Thread
import datetime
import time
import webbrowser
"""
点击完添加城市天气就加载好天气省市信息
"""
'''
5-1
1.打开首页定位当前位置获取天气 (ip定位+jieba分词+城市号+城市天气) **5.11实现**
2.用户手动选择,查看当前所选城市天气 (Toplevel+Combobox) **已实现**
5-14
1.加入notepad,显示多个城市天气 (notebook Frame) **已实现**
2.频繁刷新检测(线程计时10秒) **已实现**
3.用户选择主题 (Menu.add_radiobutton()) **已实现**
4.一个窗口多个Combobox,怎样处理选择事件
5-15
1.右击notebook frame标题出现“关闭”菜单
2.用户添加了城市后,label出现在了最后的Frame中
6-28
更新IP定位城市天气信息逻辑
8-16
1.解决了5-15问题:添加新城市,原标签控件失效问题 exec()
2.点击“添加”之后将窗口切换到新添加的窗口
'''
imgs=['./img/loading.png']
class App:
def __init__(self):
self.w=Tk()
self.w.title('天气预报小工具-v1.5')
width=600
height=280
left=(self.w.winfo_screenwidth()-width)/2
top=(self.w.winfo_screenheight()-height)/2
self.w.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d'%(width,height,left,top))
self.w.iconbitmap('./img/biticon.ico')
self.w.resizable(False,False)
self.W=Weather_Get()
self.cerate_widgets()
self.first_launch()
self.set_widgets()
self.place_widgets()
self.thread_it(self.show_local_weather)
self.w.mainloop()
def cerate_widgets(self):
self.note=ttk.Notebook()
#f1存储当前定位所在城市天气信息
self.f1=Frame()
self.tree=ttk.Treeview(self.f1)
self.l1_var=StringVar()
self.l1=ttk.Label(self.f1,textvariable=self.l1_var)
self.m=Menu(self.w)
self.w['menu']=self.m
self.s1=Menu(self.m,tearoff=False)
self.s2=Menu(self.m,tearoff=False)
self.s3=Menu(self.m,tearoff=False)
def set_widgets(self):
self.city_number_list=[]
self.city_list=[]
#style = ttk.Style(self.w)
#style.theme_use("default")
columns=('rq','tq','flfx','zdqw','zgqw')
self.tree.config(show='headings',columns=columns)
self.tree.column(columns[0],anchor=CENTER,minwidth=95,width=110)
self.tree.column(columns[1],anchor=CENTER,minwidth=60,width=70)
self.tree.column(columns[2],anchor=CENTER,minwidth=90,width=100)
self.tree.column(columns[3],anchor=CENTER,minwidth=90,width=100)
self.tree.column(columns[4],anchor=CENTER,minwidth=90,width=100)
self.tree.heading('rq', text='日期')
self.tree.heading('tq', text='天气')
self.tree.heading('flfx', text='风向风力')
self.tree.heading('zdqw', text='最低气温')
self.tree.heading('zgqw', text='最高气温')
self.m.add_cascade(label='开始',menu=self.s1)
self.s1.add_command(label='打开中国天气网',command=lambda:webbrowser.open(self.china_weather_url))
self.s1.add_separator()
self.s1.add_command(label='退出',command=self.quit_window)
self.m.add_cascade(label='操作',menu=self.s2)
self.s2.add_command(label='刷新',command=lambda:self.thread_it(self.refresh_weather))
self.s2.add_command(label='添加城市',command=lambda:self.thread_it(self.select_city),state='disable')
s2_sub = Menu(self.s2, tearoff=0)
self.s2.add_separator()
self.s2.add_cascade(label='更换主题',menu=s2_sub)
self.m.add_cascade(label='关于',menu=self.s3)
self.s3.add_command(label='关于作者',command=lambda :messagebox.showinfo('关于作者','作者很神秘,什么都没留下'))
self.tree.tag_configure('evenColor',background='lightblue')
self.note.bind('<<NotebookTabChanged>>',self.get_note_current_tab_index)
self.w.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW',self.quit_window)
self.w.bind('<Escape>',self.escape)
themes=['default','clam', 'alt', 'classic']
self.themevar=StringVar()
for i,t in enumerate(themes):
s2_sub.add_radiobutton(label=t,variable=self.themevar,command=lambda:self.thread_it(self.change_theme),value=t)
#self.themevar.set('')
def place_widgets(self):
self.note.place(x=0,y=0,width=600,height=282)
self.tree.place(x=0,y=0,width=600,height=150)
self.l1.place(x=0,y=150,height=85,width=600)
def first_launch(self):
'''
第一次启动,展示加载图片提示信息
:return:
'''
self.start_time=time.time()
paned = PanedWindow(self.w)
self.img = imgs
img = Image.open(self.img[0])
paned.image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)
self.load_img = Label(self.w, image=paned.image)
self.load_lab = Label(self.w, text='Loading...')
self.load_img.pack()
self.load_lab.pack()
def show_local_weather(self):
'''
展示定位天气信息
:return:
'''
self.l1_var.set('正在刷新天气......')
items = self.tree.get_children()
for item in items:
self.tree.delete(item)
try:
city,item,number=self.W.get_local_weather()
self.china_weather_url=f'http://www.weather.com.cn/weather/{number}.shtml'
self.load_img.destroy()
self.load_lab.destroy()
self.s2.entryconfig('添加城市', state='normal')
self.note.add(self.f1,text=city)
i=0
for data in item['recent']:
self.tree.insert('', i, values=(
data.get('日期'), data.get('天气'), data.get('风力风向'), data.get('最低气温'), data.get('最高气温')))
i+=1
now_time = str(datetime.datetime.now()).split('.')[0].split(' ')[-1]
self.l1_var.set(f'今天:{self.show_date()}\n当前所在地区:{city}\n当前气温:{item["now"]}({now_time}更新)\n感冒指数:{item["ganmao"]}')
#将定位城市加入 已展示城市列表self.location中
self.city_number_list.append(number)
self.city_list.append(city)
except TypeError:
messagebox.showerror('错误','天气信息加载失败!')
self.l1_var.set('天气信息加载失败!')
self.s2.entryconfig('添加城市', state='normal')
def get_note_current_tab_index(self,event):
#当前切换的组件
tab_id = self.note.select()
print(tab_id)
#当前notebok的所在索引
self.current_tab_index = self.note.index(tab_id)
#当前tab的text
# tab_name = self.note.tab(tab_index, "text")
def refresh_weather(self):
"""
刷新天气后,10秒内不能点击刷新
:return:
"""
try:
if self.current_tab_index==0:
self.s2.entryconfig('刷新', state='disable')
self.show_local_weather()
else:
current_city_number=self.city_number_list[self.current_tab_index]
current_city=self.city_list[self.current_tab_index]
exec("self.fl_{}_var.set('正在刷新天气......')".format(current_city_number))
items = eval("self.tree_{}.get_children()".format(current_city_number))
for item in items:
exec("self.tree_{}.delete(item)".format(current_city_number))
try:
item= self.W.get_weather(current_city_number)
i = 0
for data in item['recent']:
exec("self.tree_{}.insert('', i, values=(data.get('日期'), data.get('天气'), data.get('风力风向'), data.get('最低气温'), data.get('最高气温')))".format(current_city_number))
i += 1
now_time = str(datetime.datetime.now()).split('.')[0].split(' ')[-1]
weather_infos = r"今天:{}\n当前所选地区:{}\n当前气温:{}({}更新)\n感冒指数:{}".format(self.show_date(), current_city, item['now'], now_time, item['ganmao'])
exec("self.fl_{}_var.set('{}')".format(current_city_number, weather_infos))
# 将定位城市加入 已展示城市列表self.location中
except TypeError:
messagebox.showerror('错误', '天气信息加载失败!')
self.l1_var.set('天气信息加载失败!')
self.s2.entryconfig('添加城市', state='normal')
except AttributeError:
self.show_local_weather()
self.thread_it(self.wait_time)
def wait_time(self):
'''
线程计时10s,十秒后刷新按钮可点击
:return:
'''
time.sleep(10)
self.s2.entryconfig('刷新', state='normal')
def show_date(self):
"""
展示日期信息,便于天气展示
:return:
"""
date = str(datetime.date.today())
year,month,day=date.split('-')
week_day_dict = {
0: '星期一',
1: '星期二',
2: '星期三',
3: '星期四',
4: '星期五',
5: '星期六',
6: '星期日 ',
}
now=datetime.datetime.now()
date_index = now.weekday()
date_time=f'{year}年{month}月{day}日 {week_day_dict[date_index]}'
return date_time
def select_city(self):
'''
Toplevel让用户选择城市,后台获取城市号
:return:
'''
self.t=Toplevel()
self.t.resizable(0,0)
width=300
height=140
left=(self.t.winfo_screenwidth()-width)/2
top=(self.t.winfo_screenheight()-height)/2
self.t.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d'%(width,height,left,top))
self.t.title('选择城市')
self.tl1=ttk.Label(self.t,text='请选择城市:')
self.tl1.pack()
provinces=self.W.get_provinces()
self.tc1=ttk.Combobox(self.t,justify='center',state='readonly',value=provinces)
self.tc2=ttk.Combobox(self.t,justify='center',state='readonly')
self.tc1.pack()
self.tc1.bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>',self.show_tc2_value)
self.tc2.bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>',self.show_tc3_value)
self.tc2.pack()
self.tc3=ttk.Combobox(self.t,justify='center',state='readonly')
self.tc3.pack()
self.tb1=ttk.Button(self.t,text='确定',command=lambda :self.thread_it(self.ack_city))
self.t.bind('<Return>',lambda event:self.ack_city)
self.tb1.pack(pady=10)
def ack_city(self):
'''
Toplevel中选择了城市,选择使用notebook中建立Frame展示所选城市信息
:return:
'''
cityno=self.get_city_no()
weather_item=self.W.get_weather(cityno)
location=self.province_name+self.city_name+self.region
if location in self.city_list:
messagebox.showwarning('警告','此城市已添加,请勿重复添加!')
else:
self.city_number_list.append(cityno)
self.city_list.append(location)
exec("self.f_{}= Frame(takefocus=True)".format(cityno))
exec("self.note.add(self.f_{}, text=location)".format(cityno))
exec("self.tree_{} = ttk.Treeview(self.f_{})".format(cityno,cityno))
columns = ('rq', 'tq', 'flfx', 'zdqw', 'zgqw')
exec("self.tree_{}.config(show='headings', columns=columns)".format(cityno))
exec("self.tree_{}.column(columns[0], anchor=CENTER, minwidth=95, width=110)".format(cityno))
exec("self.tree_{}.column(columns[1], anchor=CENTER, minwidth=60, width=70)".format(cityno))
exec("self.tree_{}.column(columns[2], anchor=CENTER, minwidth=90, width=100)".format(cityno))
exec("self.tree_{}.column(columns[3], anchor=CENTER, minwidth=90, width=100)".format(cityno))
exec("self.tree_{}.column(columns[4], anchor=CENTER, minwidth=90, width=100)".format(cityno))
exec("self.tree_{}.heading('rq', text='日期')".format(cityno))
exec("self.tree_{}.heading('tq', text='天气')".format(cityno))
exec("self.tree_{}.heading('flfx', text='风向风力')".format(cityno))
exec("self.tree_{}.heading('zdqw', text='最低气温')".format(cityno))
exec("self.tree_{}.heading('zgqw', text='最高气温')".format(cityno))
exec("self.tree_{}.place(x=0,y=0,width=600,height=150)".format(cityno))
exec("self.fl_{}_var=StringVar()".format(cityno))
exec("self.fl_{}=ttk.Label(self.f_{},textvariable=self.fl_{}_var)".format(cityno,cityno,cityno))
exec("self.fl_{}.place(x=0,y=150,height=85,width=600)".format(cityno))
items = eval("self.tree_{}.get_children()".format(cityno))
for item in items:
exec("self.tree_{}.delete(item)".format(cityno))
try:
item = weather_item
city=location
i = 0
for data in item['recent']:
exec("self.tree_{}.insert('', i, values=(data.get('日期'), data.get('天气'), data.get('风力风向'), data.get('最低气温'), data.get('最高气温')))".format(cityno))
i += 1
now_time = str(datetime.datetime.now()).split('.')[0].split(' ')[-1]
#使用exec()不能加入转义字符,否则会报SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal错误!
weather_infos=r"今天:{}\n当前所选地区:{}\n当前气温:{}({}更新)\n感冒指数:{}".format(self.show_date(),city,item['now'],now_time,item['ganmao'])
exec("self.fl_{}_var.set('{}')".format(cityno,weather_infos))
self.china_weather_url = f'http://www.weather.com.cn/weather/{cityno}.shtml'
self.note.select(f".!frame{len(self.city_list)}")#将焦点切换到最新添加
except TypeError:
messagebox.showerror('错误','天气信息加载失败!')
exec("self.fl_{}_var.set('{}天气信息加载失败!')".format(cityno,location))
self.t.destroy()
def show_tc2_value(self,event):
'''
展示"市"级信息
:param event:
:return:
'''
self.tc2.config(value=[])
self.tc3.config(value=[])
self.province_name=self.tc1.get()
cities=self.W.get_cities(self.province_name)
self.tc2.config(value=cities)
def show_tc3_value(self,event):
'''
展示"区/县"级信息
:param event:
:return:
'''
self.city_name=self.tc2.get()
regions=self.W.get_regions(self.province_name,self.city_name)
self.tc3.config(value=regions)
def get_city_no(self):
"""
根据省、市、区、县 获取城市号
:return: 城市号
"""
self.region=self.tc3.get()
try:
if self.city_name=='':
messagebox.showwarning('警告','请选择城市')
else:
city_no=self.W.get_city_id_by_add(self.province_name,self.city_name,self.region)
return city_no
except AttributeError :
messagebox.showwarning('警告', '请选择城市')
def change_theme(self,):
'''
更换主题
:return:
'''
theme=self.themevar.get()
style = ttk.Style(self.w)
style.theme_use(theme)
def escape(self,event):
self.quit_window()
def quit_window(self):
ret=messagebox.askyesno('退出','是否要退出?')
if ret:
self.w.destroy()
def thread_it(self,func,*args):
'''
防止线程冲突
:param func:
:param args:
:return:
'''
t=Thread(target=func,args=args)
t.setDaemon(True)
t.start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
a=App()
2.Weather_Spider.py
#coding:utf-8
import requests
import json
import re
"""
get_location_city()返回无数据
这条路走不通
"""
class Weather_Get():
def __init__(self):
#ip查询
self.search_ip_url='http://httpbin.org/ip'
#IP归属地查询
self.location_url='https://ip.ws.126.net/ipquery?ip={}'
#获取中国国内城市--number接口
self.city_number_url='http://static.2ktq.com/sktq/common/city_China.json'
#天气查询接口
self.base_weather_url='http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?citykey={}'
self.headers={
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.138 Safari/537.36',
}
self.item=self.get_city_item()
def request(self,url,headers):
"""
请求url,可自定义请求头
:param url: 请求的url
:param headers: 自定义的请求头
:return: 网页文本数据
"""
s=requests.session()
s.keep_alive=False
try:
r=s.get(url,headers=headers)
r.encoding='utf-8'
if r.status_code==200:
r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
return r.text
else:
return None
except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:
return None
def get_location_city(self):
"""
通过ip定位到当前城市
:return:所在省市位置信息
"""
my_headers={
'Connection': 'keep-alive',
'sec-ch-ua': '"Google Chrome";v="89", "Chromium";v="89", ";Not A Brand";v="99"',
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.138 Safari/537.36',
'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1'
}
_json=json.loads(self.request(self.search_ip_url,headers=my_headers))
ip=_json.get('origin')
if ip:
res=self.request(self.location_url.format(ip),headers=my_headers)
dingwei_item={}
dingwei_item['city']=''.join(re.findall('{city:"(.*?)",',res))
dingwei_item['province']=''.join(re.findall('province:"(.*?)"}',res))
return dingwei_item
else:
return None
def get_city_item(self):
res =self.request(self.city_number_url,headers=self.headers)
item=eval("{'cities':"+res+"}")
return item
def get_provinces(self):
province=[p for p in self.item['cities']]
#print(province)
return province
def get_cities(self,province):
cities_=self.item['cities'][province]
cities=[city for city in cities_.keys()]
return cities
def get_regions(self,province,city):
regions_=self.item['cities'][province][city]
regions=[region for region in regions_.keys()]
return regions
def get_city_id_by_add(self,province,city,region=''):
if region=='':
city_no=self.item['cities'][province][city][city].replace('CN','')
else:
city_no=self.item['cities'][province][city][region].replace('CN','')
return city_no
def get_cityid(self,province,city):
"""
通过省、市在字典中查找对应的城市号
:param province: 省
:param city: 市
:return: 城市号
"""
if province in self.item['cities'].keys():
try:
#河北省唐山市唐山市(通常的省市)
number=self.item['cities'][province].get(city).get(city).replace('CN','')
return number
except AttributeError:
number=self.item['cities'][province].get(province).get(city).replace('CN','')
return number
else:
return None
#print('未检索到关于{}{}的信息!'.format(province,city))
def get_weather(self,number):
weather_data = json.loads(self.request(self.base_weather_url.format(number),self.headers))
# pprint.pprint(weather_data)
data=weather_data['data']
item={}
yesterday={}
item_list=[]
yesterday['日期']=data['yesterday']['date']+'(昨天)'
item['now']=data['wendu']+'℃'
item['ganmao']=data['ganmao']
yesterday['天气']=data['yesterday']['type']
yesterday['风力风向']=data['yesterday']['fx']+data['yesterday']['fl'].replace('<![CDATA[','').replace(']]>','')
yesterday['最低气温']=data['yesterday']['low'].replace('低温 ','')
yesterday['最高气温']=data['yesterday']['high'].replace('高温 ','')
item_list.append(yesterday)
count=0
for weateher in data['forecast']:
item2={}
if count==0:
date=weateher['date']+'(今天)'
elif count==1:
date=weateher['date']+'(明天)'
elif count==2:
date=weateher['date']+'(后天)'
else:
date=weateher['date']+f'({count-1}天后)'
item2['日期']=date
item2['天气'] = weateher['type']
item2['风力风向']=weateher['fengxiang']+weateher['fengli'].replace('<![CDATA[','').replace(']]>','')
item2['最低气温'] = weateher['low'].replace('低温 ', '')
item2['最高气温'] = weateher['high'].replace('高温 ', '')
item_list.append(item2)
count+=1
item['recent']=item_list
return item
def get_local_weather(self):
item=Weather_Get().get_location_city()
if item:
p=item['province']
c=item['city']
number=Weather_Get().get_cityid(p,c)
weather=Weather_Get().get_weather(number)
return p+c,weather,number
else:
return False
if __name__ == '__main__':
Weather_Get().get_local_weather()
#Weather_Get().get_regions('北京市','北京市')
五.总结
本次使用Tkinter写了一款天气预报小工具,基本支持全国每个省市的天气预报,支持历史天气(昨天)查看,虽然基本功能能够实现,但是仍旧存在两个小问题(1.0):
1.添加超过两个城市天气后,具体城市信息会显示在最新添加的Freame中。
2.ip定位不准确。
本程序还有两个特色:
1.支持更换主题。
2.程序首次启动加入了加载过渡。
3.使用ip定位后解析城市归属地,获取准确城市天气信息。
其他的彩蛋,您自己去发现吧!
程序放在了蓝奏云-v1.0
蓝奏云-v1.5(20210816最新版)。思路、代码方面有什么不足欢迎各位大佬指正、批评!