并发 (三)：Group Dispatch and DIY Dispatch

将GCD任务集合起来

目的：将代码块集合到一起，确保他们在GCD机制下，一个接一个的执行，就像是相互依靠。
解决方法：dispatch_group_create 来建立集合

先了解下Group的四个方法：

1. dispatch_group_create
2. dispatch_group_async
3. dispatch_group_notify
4. dispatch_group_release

1和4搭配使用，2要指定调度队列，3是允许你在添加到group中的所有任务执行完之后，汇总再执行别的任务。

实例：有三个方法我们想依次调用，都调用完了，然后再给用户一个提示信息。

 dispatch_group_t taskGroup = dispatch_group_create();
    dispatch_queue_t mainQueue = dispatch_get_main_queue();

    dispatch_group_async(taskGroup, mainQueue, ^{
        [self reloadTableView];
    });
    dispatch_group_async(taskGroup, mainQueue, ^{
        [self reloadScrollView];
    });
    dispatch_group_async(taskGroup, mainQueue, ^{
        [self reloadImageView];
    });
    dispatch_group_notify(taskGroup, mainQueue, ^{
        /**
         *  自己随便写点什么提示消息吧
         */
    });

    dispatch_release(taskGroup);//ARC下可以省略

C函数实现方法：略，不想写了

创建你自己的GCD调度队列

这样创建的是serial queue（串行队列），它将会用到：
dispatch_queue_create、dispatch_release、dispatch_async
其中create方法的第一个参数是一个C的字符串类型char＊，第二个参数为0。
而dispatch_async在这里使用的原因是：dispatch_sync是FIFO原则执行，而一个队列上的并发任务不会在主线程上执行，这个机制可以令串行队列更加高效。

dispatch_queue_t firstSerialQueue =
dispatch_queue_create("com.company.product.serialQueue1", 0);

dispatch_async(firstSerialQueue, ^{
    NSUInteger counter = 0;
    for (counter = 0; counter<5; counter++) {
        NSLog(@"First iteration, counter = %lu",(unsigned long)counter);
    }
});

dispatch_async(firstSerialQueue, ^{
    NSUInteger counter = 0;
    for (counter = 0; counter<5; counter++) {
        NSLog(@"Second iteration, counter = %lu",(unsigned long)counter);
    }
});

dispatch_async(firstSerialQueue, ^{
    NSUInteger counter = 0;
    for (counter = 0; counter<5; counter++) {
        NSLog(@"Third iteration, counter = %lu",(unsigned long)counter);
    }
});

dispatch_release(firstSerialQueue);//ARC下不需要

打印出来的结果是

First iteration, counter = 0
First iteration, counter = 1
First iteration, counter = 2
First iteration, counter = 3
First iteration, counter = 4
Second iteration, counter = 0
Second iteration, counter = 1
Second iteration, counter = 2
Second iteration, counter = 3
Second iteration, counter = 4
Third iteration, counter = 0
Third iteration, counter = 1
Third iteration, counter = 2
Third iteration, counter = 3
Third iteration, counter = 4