Ubuntu cmake 编译环境搭建及编译方法 (lesson 01）

下载cmake 并安装

下面展示一些操作 内联代码片。

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cmake

love@ubuntu:~$ cmake
Usage

  cmake [options] <path-to-source>
  cmake [options] <path-to-existing-build>

Specify a source directory to (re-)generate a build system for it in the
current working directory.  Specify an existing build directory to
re-generate its build system.

Run 'cmake --help' for more information.

下面查看一下cmake help

love@ubuntu:~$ cmake --help
Usage

  cmake [options] <path-to-source>
  cmake [options] <path-to-existing-build>

Specify a source directory to (re-)generate a build system for it in the
current working directory.  Specify an existing build directory to
re-generate its build system.

Options
  -C <initial-cache>           = Pre-load a script to populate the cache.
  -D <var>[:<type>]=<value>    = Create a cmake cache entry.
  -U <globbing_expr>           = Remove matching entries from CMake cache.
  -G <generator-name>          = Specify a build system generator.
  -T <toolset-name>            = Specify toolset name if supported by
                                 generator.
  -A <platform-name>           = Specify platform name if supported by
                                 generator.
  -Wdev                        = Enable developer warnings.
  -Wno-dev                     = Suppress developer warnings.
  -Werror=dev                  = Make developer warnings errors.
  -Wno-error=dev               = Make developer warnings not errors.
  -Wdeprecated                 = Enable deprecation warnings.
  -Wno-deprecated              = Suppress deprecation warnings.
  -Werror=deprecated           = Make deprecated macro and function warnings
                                 errors.
  -Wno-error=deprecated        = Make deprecated macro and function warnings
                                 not errors.
  -E                           = CMake command mode.
  -L[A][H]                     = List non-advanced cached variables.
  --build <dir>                = Build a CMake-generated project binary tree.
  -N                           = View mode only.
  -P <file>                    = Process script mode.
  --find-package               = Run in pkg-config like mode.
  --graphviz=[file]            = Generate graphviz of dependencies, see
                                 CMakeGraphVizOptions.cmake for more.
  --system-information [file]  = Dump information about this system.
  --debug-trycompile           = Do not delete the try_compile build tree.
                                 Only useful on one try_compile at a time.
  --debug-output               = Put cmake in a debug mode.
  --trace                      = Put cmake in trace mode.
  --trace-expand               = Put cmake in trace mode with variable
                                 expansion.
  --trace-source=<file>        = Trace only this CMake file/module.  Multiple
                                 options allowed.
  --warn-uninitialized         = Warn about uninitialized values.
  --warn-unused-vars           = Warn about unused variables.
  --no-warn-unused-cli         = Don't warn about command line options.
  --check-system-vars          = Find problems with variable usage in system
                                 files.
  --help,-help,-usage,-h,-H,/? = Print usage information and exit.
  --version,-version,/V [<f>]  = Print version number and exit.
  --help-full [<f>]            = Print all help manuals and exit.
  --help-manual <man> [<f>]    = Print one help manual and exit.
  --help-manual-list [<f>]     = List help manuals available and exit.
  --help-command <cmd> [<f>]   = Print help for one command and exit.
  --help-command-list [<f>]    = List commands with help available and exit.
  --help-commands [<f>]        = Print cmake-commands manual and exit.
  --help-module <mod> [<f>]    = Print help for one module and exit.
  --help-module-list [<f>]     = List modules with help available and exit.
  --help-modules [<f>]         = Print cmake-modules manual and exit.
  --help-policy <cmp> [<f>]    = Print help for one policy and exit.
  --help-policy-list [<f>]     = List policies with help available and exit.
  --help-policies [<f>]        = Print cmake-policies manual and exit.
  --help-property <prop> [<f>] = Print help for one property and exit.
  --help-property-list [<f>]   = List properties with help available and
                                 exit.
  --help-properties [<f>]      = Print cmake-properties manual and exit.
  --help-variable var [<f>]    = Print help for one variable and exit.
  --help-variable-list [<f>]   = List variables with help available and exit.
  --help-variables [<f>]       = Print cmake-variables manual and exit.

Generators

The following generators are available on this platform:
  Unix Makefiles               = Generates standard UNIX makefiles.
  Ninja                        = Generates build.ninja files.
  Watcom WMake                 = Generates Watcom WMake makefiles.
  CodeBlocks - Ninja           = Generates CodeBlocks project files.
  CodeBlocks - Unix Makefiles  = Generates CodeBlocks project files.
  CodeLite - Ninja             = Generates CodeLite project files.
  CodeLite - Unix Makefiles    = Generates CodeLite project files.
  Sublime Text 2 - Ninja       = Generates Sublime Text 2 project files.
  Sublime Text 2 - Unix Makefiles
                               = Generates Sublime Text 2 project files.
  Kate - Ninja                 = Generates Kate project files.
  Kate - Unix Makefiles        = Generates Kate project files.
  Eclipse CDT4 - Ninja         = Generates Eclipse CDT 4.0 project files.
  Eclipse CDT4 - Unix Makefiles= Generates Eclipse CDT 4.0 project files.
  KDevelop3                    = Generates KDevelop 3 project files.
  KDevelop3 - Unix Makefiles   = Generates KDevelop 3 project files.

以下参考一下其他论坛的文档并实现测试
cmake 中文教程

第一个程序

源文件代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

/**
 * power - Calculate the power of number.
 * @param base: Base value.
 * @param exponent: Exponent value.
 *
 * @return base raised to the power exponent.
 */
double power(double base, int exponent)
{
    int result = base;
    int i;
    
    if (exponent == 0) {
        return 1;
    }
    
    for(i = 1; i < exponent; ++i){
        result = result * base;
    }

    return result;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    if (argc < 3){
        printf("Usage: %s base exponent \n", argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }
    double base = atof(argv[1]);
    int exponent = atoi(argv[2]);
    double result = power(base, exponent);
    printf("%g ^ %d is %g\n", base, exponent, result);
    return 0;
}

CMakeLists.txt文件源码

# cmake lowest version required
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)

# project name
project(Demo_01)

# assigned target object
add_executable(Demo_01 main.c)

在当前目录下执行cmake .，即可编译代码，可以查看整个编译过程

love@ubuntu:~/workspace/CMakeProject$ cmake .
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 7.4.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 7.4.0
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/love/workspace/CMakeProject

生成的makefile文件以及临时的文件如下

love@ubuntu:~/workspace/CMakeProject$ ls
CMakeCache.txt  CMakeFiles  cmake_install.cmake  CMakeLists.txt  main.c  Makefile

这里我们一一打开每个文件进行查看，用于了解其生成的原理及实质内容；
首先看makefile文件，其源代码如下：

# CMAKE generated file: DO NOT EDIT!
# Generated by "Unix Makefiles" Generator, CMake Version 3.10

# Default target executed when no arguments are given to make.
default_target: all

.PHONY : default_target

# Allow only one "make -f Makefile2" at a time, but pass parallelism.
.NOTPARALLEL:


#=============================================================================
# Special targets provided by cmake.

# Disable implicit rules so canonical targets will work.
.SUFFIXES:


# Remove some rules from gmake that .SUFFIXES does not remove.
SUFFIXES =

.SUFFIXES: .hpux_make_needs_suffix_list


# Suppress display of executed commands.
$(VERBOSE).SILENT:


# A target that is always out of date.
cmake_force:

.PHONY : cmake_force

#=============================================================================
# Set environment variables for the build.

# The shell in which to execute make rules.
SHELL = /bin/sh

# The CMake executable.
CMAKE_COMMAND = /usr/bin/cmake

# The command to remove a file.
RM = /usr/bin/cmake -E remove -f

# Escaping for special characters.
EQUALS = =

# The top-level source directory on which CMake was run.
CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR = /home/love/workspace/CMakeProject

# The top-level build directory on which CMake was run.
CMAKE_BINARY_DIR = /home/love/workspace/CMakeProject

#=============================================================================
# Targets provided globally by CMake.

# Special rule for the target rebuild_cache
rebuild_cache:
	@$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_echo_color --switch=$(COLOR) --cyan "Running CMake to regenerate build system..."
	/usr/bin/cmake -H$(CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR) -B$(CMAKE_BINARY_DIR)
.PHONY : rebuild_cache

# Special rule for the target rebuild_cache
rebuild_cache/fast: rebuild_cache

.PHONY : rebuild_cache/fast

# Special rule for the target edit_cache
edit_cache:
	@$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_echo_color --switch=$(COLOR) --cyan "No interactive CMake dialog available..."
	/usr/bin/cmake -E echo No\ interactive\ CMake\ dialog\ available.
.PHONY : edit_cache

# Special rule for the target edit_cache
edit_cache/fast: edit_cache

.PHONY : edit_cache/fast

# The main all target
all: cmake_check_build_system
	$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_progress_start /home/love/workspace/CMakeProject/CMakeFiles /home/love/workspace/CMakeProject/CMakeFiles/progress.marks
	$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 all
	$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_progress_start /home/love/workspace/CMakeProject/CMakeFiles 0
.PHONY : all

# The main clean target
clean:
	$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 clean
.PHONY : clean

# The main clean target
clean/fast: clean

.PHONY : clean/fast

# Prepare targets for installation.
preinstall: all
	$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 preinstall
.PHONY : preinstall

# Prepare targets for installation.
preinstall/fast:
	$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 preinstall
.PHONY : preinstall/fast

# clear depends
depend:
	$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -H$(CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR) -B$(CMAKE_BINARY_DIR) --check-build-system CMakeFiles/Makefile.cmake 1
.PHONY : depend

#=============================================================================
# Target rules for targets named Demo_01

# Build rule for target.
Demo_01: cmake_check_build_system
	$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 Demo_01
.PHONY : Demo_01

# fast build rule for target.
Demo_01/fast:
	$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/Demo_01.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/Demo_01.dir/build
.PHONY : Demo_01/fast

main.o: main.c.o

.PHONY : main.o

# target to build an object file
main.c.o:
	$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/Demo_01.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/Demo_01.dir/main.c.o
.PHONY : main.c.o

main.i: main.c.i

.PHONY : main.i

# target to preprocess a source file
main.c.i:
	$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/Demo_01.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/Demo_01.dir/main.c.i
.PHONY : main.c.i

main.s: main.c.s

.PHONY : main.s

# target to generate assembly for a file
main.c.s:
	$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/Demo_01.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/Demo_01.dir/main.c.s
.PHONY : main.c.s

# Help Target
help:
	@echo "The following are some of the valid targets for this Makefile:"
	@echo "... all (the default if no target is provided)"
	@echo "... clean"
	@echo "... depend"
	@echo "... rebuild_cache"
	@echo "... Demo_01"
	@echo "... edit_cache"
	@echo "... main.o"
	@echo "... main.i"
	@echo "... main.s"
.PHONY : help



#=============================================================================
# Special targets to cleanup operation of make.

# Special rule to run CMake to check the build system integrity.
# No rule that depends on this can have commands that come from listfiles
# because they might be regenerated.
cmake_check_build_system:
	$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -H$(CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR) -B$(CMAKE_BINARY_DIR) --check-build-system CMakeFiles/Makefile.cmake 0
.PHONY : cmake_check_build_system

最后执行make编译生成的可执行文件

love@ubuntu:~/workspace/CMakeProject$ make
Scanning dependencies of target Demo_01
[ 50%] Building C object CMakeFiles/Demo_01.dir/main.c.o
[100%] Linking C executable Demo_01
[100%] Built target Demo_01
love@ubuntu:~/workspace/CMakeProject$ ls
CMakeCache.txt  CMakeFiles  cmake_install.cmake  CMakeLists.txt  Demo_01  main.c  Makefile
love@ubuntu:~/workspace/CMakeProject$ 

运行可执行文件测试

love@ubuntu:~/workspace/CMakeProject$ ./Demo_01 10 3
10 ^ 3 is 1000
love@ubuntu:~/workspace/CMakeProject$