编译opencv

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已于 2023-07-10 17:42:15 修改

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分类专栏：环境配置文章标签： opencv python 人工智能

于 2023-06-14 22:32:14 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/a1691125058/article/details/131217295

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linux下OPENCV编译安装指定python接口

1，安装依赖库

#更新一下ubuntu下的包
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade


#移除之前x264
sudo apt-get remove x264 libx264-dev

#依赖库安装
sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev 
sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev

sudo apt-get install build-essential libgtk2.0-dev libgtk-3-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libjpeg-dev libswscale-dev libtiff5-dev

sudo apt-get update

2,解压OPENCV-.zip和OPENCV_contr*.zip

unzip opencv***.zip
unzip opencv-co****.zip -d opencv**

cd opencv-4.6.0
mkdir build
cd build

3，CMake编译安装时的参数指定

首先进入你的conda环境里面
```
conda activate py38
```
找一下该虚拟环境里python的一些包的路径

python#进入python
import sys
sys.path

['', '/home/chen/miniconda3/envs/py38/lib/python38.zip', '/home/chen/miniconda3/envs/py38/lib/python3.8', '/home/chen/miniconda3/envs/py38/lib/python3.8/lib-dynload', '/home/chen/miniconda3/envs/py38/lib/python3.8/site-packages']


#记下以下路径
#python3.8包的安装路径:
/home/chen/miniconda3/envs/py38/lib/python3.8/site-packages
#python3.8的动态库路径(libpython3.8.so)
sudo find / -name libpython3.8.so #找到这个动态库:
/home/chen/miniconda3/pkgs/python-3.8.0-h0371630_2/lib/libpython3.8.so
#python3.8的头文件
sudo find / -name Python.h
/home/chen/miniconda3/pkgs/python-3.10.10-h7a1cb2a_2/include/python3.10/Python.h
/home/chen/miniconda3/pkgs/python-3.8.0-h0371630_2/include/python3.8/Python.h
/home/chen/miniconda3/envs/py38/include/python3.8/Python.h #是这个哦，要找你当前python环境的
/home/chen/miniconda3/include/python3.10/Python.h
#numpy的include路径
#没有的话先安装一下
pip install numpy
sudo find / -type d -name numpy
/home/chen/miniconda3/envs/py38/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy
/home/chen/miniconda3/envs/py38/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy#这个***********

整理一下得到以下路径

#python3.8包的安装路径:
/home/chen/miniconda3/envs/py38/lib/python3.8/site-packages
#python3.8的动态库路径(libpython3.8.so)
/home/chen/miniconda3/pkgs/python-3.8.0-h0371630_2/lib/libpython3.8.so
#python3.8的头文件
/home/chen/miniconda3/envs/py38/include/python3.8/Python.h
#numpy的include路径
/home/chen/miniconda3/envs/py38/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy

改一下CMake编译时的参数

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \     #编译类型    
      -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \ #依赖库安装的根目录，这个是默认值
      -D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \  #python的example
      -D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=OFF \
      -D WITH_TBB=ON \
      -D WITH_V4L=ON \
      -D WITH_QT=OFF \
      -D WITH_OPENGL=ON \
      -D PYTHON3_EXECUTABLE=$(which python3) \ #指定你想要安装cv2这个包的python编译器路径
      -D BUILD_opencv_python3=ON \ #开启python3的cv2
      -D PYTHON3_LIBRARY=/opt/conda/pkgs/python-3.8.5-h7579374_1/lib/libpython3.8.so \# python3.8的动态库的路径
      -D PYTHON3_INCLUDE_DIR=/opt/conda/pkgs/python-3.8.5-h7579374_1/include/python3.8/Python.h \#python3.8的头文件
      -D PYTHON3_NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIRS=/home/chen/miniconda3/envs/py38/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy \ #numpy的include路径
      -D PYTHON3_PACKAGES_PATH=/opt/conda/lib/python3.8/site-packages/ #python3.8包的安装路径../

修改后得到

#在build目录下运行下面这段
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
      -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
      -D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \
      -D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=OFF \
      -D WITH_TBB=ON \
      -D WITH_V4L=ON \
      -D WITH_QT=OFF \
      -D WITH_OPENGL=ON \
      -D PYTHON3_EXECUTABLE=$(which python3) \
      -D BUILD_opencv_python3=ON \
      -D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=../opencv_contrib-4.6.0/modules \
      -D PYTHON3_LIBRARY=/home/chen/miniconda3/pkgs/python-3.8.0-h0371630_2/lib \
      -D PYTHON3_INCLUDE_DIR=/home/chen/miniconda3/envs/py38/include/python3.8 \
      -D PYTHON3_NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIRS=/home/chen/miniconda3/envs/py38/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy/core/include \
      -D PYTHON3_PACKAGES_PATH=/home/chen/miniconda3/envs/py38/lib/python3.8/site-packages ../

预处理后得到如下说明安装python的cv2指定成功

Python 3:
--     Interpreter:                 /home/chen/miniconda3/envs/py38/bin/python3 (ver 3.8)
--     Libraries:                   /home/chen/miniconda3/pkgs/python-3.8.0-h0371630_2/lib/libpython3.8.so
--     numpy:                       /home/chen/miniconda3/envs/py38/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy (ver 1.24.3)
--     install path:                /home/chen/miniconda3/envs/py38/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cv2/python-3.8
-- 
--   Python (for build):            /home/chen/miniconda3/envs/py38/bin/python3

编译OPENCV与python链接

make -j8 #j*指定编译使用的线程数，根据自己的处理器指定，一般8就行了，多了任意报错
#这是个漫长的等待过程

转为汇编可执行文件链接动态库

sudo make install #也是一个漫长的过程

检验是否安装成功

#进入python
python
import cv2
#回车没报错就说明编译链接成功

问题总结：

1、下载不了IPPICV

# 1，cd到~/Desktop/opencv/opencv-4.6.0/3rdparty/ippicv$下面来
#修改它的.cmake配置文件的下载方式
# 将47行的
 
     "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv_3rdparty/${IPPICV_COMMIT}ippicv/"
# 改为步骤1中手动下载的文件的本地路径(也就是将网络下载的模式改为本地文件下载的模式):
"file:///home/chen/Desktop/opencv/opencv-4.6.0/3rdparty/ippicv/" #（仅供参考，根据自己的路径填写）

#还要将下面设定的文件名，把你下载的ippvic文件名改成和他一样
#ippicv_2020_lnx_intel64_20191018_general.tgz

function(download_ippicv root_var)
  set(${root_var} "" PARENT_SCOPE)

  # Commit SHA in the opencv_3rdparty repo
  set(IPPICV_COMMIT "a56b6ac6f030c312b2dce17430eef13aed9af274")
  # Define actual ICV versions
  if(APPLE)
    set(OPENCV_ICV_PLATFORM "macosx")
    set(OPENCV_ICV_PACKAGE_SUBDIR "ippicv_mac")
    set(OPENCV_ICV_NAME "ippicv_2020_mac_intel64_20191018_general.tgz")
    set(OPENCV_ICV_HASH "1c3d675c2a2395d094d523024896e01b")
  elseif((UNIX AND NOT ANDROID) OR (UNIX AND ANDROID_ABI MATCHES "x86"))
    set(OPENCV_ICV_PLATFORM "linux")
    set(OPENCV_ICV_PACKAGE_SUBDIR "ippicv_lnx")
    if(X86_64)
      set(OPENCV_ICV_NAME "ippicv_2020_lnx_intel64_20191018_general.tgz")
      set(OPENCV_ICV_HASH "7421de0095c7a39162ae13a6098782f9")
    else()
      set(OPENCV_ICV_NAME "ippicv_2020_lnx_ia32_20191018_general.tgz")
      set(OPENCV_ICV_HASH "ad189a940fb60eb71f291321322fe3e8")
    endif()
  elseif(WIN32 AND NOT ARM)
    set(OPENCV_ICV_PLATFORM "windows")
    set(OPENCV_ICV_PACKAGE_SUBDIR "ippicv_win")
    if(X86_64)
      set(OPENCV_ICV_NAME "ippicv_2020_win_intel64_20191018_general.zip")
      set(OPENCV_ICV_HASH "879741a7946b814455eee6c6ffde2984")
    else()
      set(OPENCV_ICV_NAME "ippicv_2020_win_ia32_20191018_general.zip")
      set(OPENCV_ICV_HASH "cd39bdf0c2e1cac9a61101dad7a2413e")
    endif()
  else()
    return()
  endif()

  set(THE_ROOT "${OpenCV_BINARY_DIR}/3rdparty/ippicv")
  ocv_download(FILENAME ${OPENCV_ICV_NAME}
               HASH ${OPENCV_ICV_HASH}
               URL
                 "${OPENCV_IPPICV_URL}"
                 "$ENV{OPENCV_IPPICV_URL}"
                 "file:///home/chen/Desktop/opencv/opencv-4.6.0/3rdparty/ippicv/"
               DESTINATION_DIR "${THE_ROOT}"
               ID IPPICV
               STATUS res
               UNPACK RELATIVE_URL)

  if(res)
    set(${root_var} "${THE_ROOT}/${OPENCV_ICV_PACKAGE_SUBDIR}" PARENT_SCOPE)
  endif()
endfunction()

C++版本

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
-D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=ON \
-D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \
-D WITH_TBB=ON \
-D WITH_V4L=ON \
-D WITH_QT=ON \
-D WITH_OPENGL=ON \
-D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=../../opencv_contrib/modules \
-D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON ..

配置路径，执行下面命令配置环境变量，注意如果你当前使用的是fish shell，或者别的shell，请退出到bash，不然配置会出问题。

sudo vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf

这个时候你可能打开文件可能是空白的，没有关系，在文件末尾添加保存并退出

/usr/local/lib

执行生效命令：

sudo ldconfig

继续打开：

sudo vim /etc/bash.bashrc

在文件末尾添加写入：

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig

保存退出。

执行更新命令：

source /etc/bash.bashrc
sudo updatedb

- 总结：

在yolo等深度学习模型1的时候，建议都用编译安装依赖，很多时候pip会疯狂报错！**

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