[CG基础]

1.窗口界面的显示，400*300像素大小的窗口，四个角有四个红色的点。

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <gl/glut.h>
void display(void)
{
	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
	glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
	glBegin(GL_POINTS);
		glVertex2i(0, 0);
		glVertex2i(0, 299);
		glVertex2i(399, 0);
		glVertex2i(399, 299);
		glEnd();
		glFlush();
}
int main(int argc,char**argv)
{
	glutInit(&argc, argv);
	//对GLUT初始化，随后调用三个函数指定即将建立的推向视窗的特征
	glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB);
	//设置图形显示模式，要求系统为图像提供一个单独的RGB帧缓冲器
	glutInitWindowSize(400, 300);
	//设置图形大小400*300个像素点
	glutInitWindowPosition(200, 100);
	glutCreateWindow("sample");
	glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0,0.0);
	gluOrtho2D(0.0, 400.0, 0.0, 300.0);
	//次函数为照相机取景框。
	glutDisplayFunc(display);
	glutMainLoop();
    return 0;
}

2.画一个心形线，其方程为r=1-cos0。

// ConsoleApplication1.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <gl/glut.h>
#include <math.h>
GLfloat r(double angle)
{
	return 1 - cos(angle);
}
void display(void)
{
	double t, p = 3.141593 / 180;
	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
	glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
	glBegin(GL_POINTS);
	for (int i = 0; i < 360; i += 4) {
		t = i*p;
		glVertex2f(r(t)*cos(t), r(t)*sin(t));
		}
		glEnd();
		glFlush();
}
int main(int argc,char**argv)
{
	glutInit(&argc, argv);
	//对GLUT初始化，随后调用三个函数指定即将建立的推向视窗的特征
	glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB);
	//设置图形显示模式，要求系统为图像提供一个单独的RGB帧缓冲器
	glutInitWindowSize(400, 300);
	//设置图形大小400*300个像素点
	glutInitWindowPosition(200, 100);
	glutCreateWindow("sample");
	glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0,0.0);
	gluOrtho2D(-2.0, 2.0, -1.5, 1.5);
	//次函数为照相机取景框。
	glutDisplayFunc(display);
	glutMainLoop();
    return 0;
}

并可以同在在glBegin函数前添加glPointSize(5.0);改变画笔像素宽度

通过添加reshape函数保持窗口比例变化时，图形比例不变。glViewport（0，0，width，height）是保持视区与调整后图像一致。

并在glutDisplayFunc(display)后面添加glutReshapeFunc(reshape);reshape函数还是比较好理解的，当比例不对时，重新设置其视区。

void reshape(GLsizei width, GLsizei height) {

	float w_aspect = 4.0 / 3.0, aspect = ((float)width) / height;
	if (aspect <= w_aspect)
		glViewport(0, (height - width / w_aspect) / 2, width, width / w_aspect);
	else glViewport((width - height*w_aspect) / 2, 0, height*w_aspect, height);
	glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
	glLoadIdentity();
	gluOrtho2D(-2.0, 2.0, -1.5, 1.5);
}

4.Mandelbrot虫图像的显示：

原理呢，根据变换公式xn+1=xn^2+z，Mandelbrot集是指x从0起点利用公式变换不导致发散的全体负数z的集合。

// ConsoleApplication1.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <gl/glut.h>
#include <math.h>
int width = 400;
int height = 400;
int Mandelbrot(double a, double b, int n) {
	double x = 0, y = 0, xx = 0, yy = 0;
	int i = 0;
	while (i++ < n)
	{
		y = 2 * x*y + b;
		x = xx - yy + a;
		xx = x*x;
		yy = y*y;
		if ((xx + yy) > 4) return i;
	}
	return 0;
}

void display(void)
{
	double min_a, max_a, min_b, max_b, step_b, step_a, a, b;
	int c, n = 64;
	float scale = 255.0 / n;
	min_a = -2.0;
	max_a = 0.5;
	min_b = -1.25;
	max_b = 1.25;
	step_a = (max_a - min_a) / width;
	step_b = (max_b - min_b) / height;
	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
	glBegin(GL_POINTS);
	a = min_a;
	for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
		b = min_b;
		for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
			c = 255- scale*Mandelbrot(a, b, n);
			glColor3ub(c, c, c);
			glVertex2i(x, y);
			b += step_b;
		}
		a += step_a;
	}
	glEnd();
	glFlush();
}
/*void reshape(GLsizei width, GLsizei height) {

	float w_aspect = 4.0 / 3.0, aspect = ((float)width) / height;
	if (aspect <= w_aspect)
		glViewport(0, (height - width / w_aspect) / 2, width, width / w_aspect);
	else glViewport((width - height*w_aspect) / 2, 0, height*w_aspect, height);
	glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
	glLoadIdentity();
	gluOrtho2D(-2.0, 2.0, -1.5, 1.5);
}*/
int main(int argc,char**argv)
{
	glutInit(&argc, argv);
	//对GLUT初始化，随后调用三个函数指定即将建立的推向视窗的特征
	glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB);
	//设置图形显示模式，要求系统为图像提供一个单独的RGB帧缓冲器
	glutInitWindowSize(400, 400);
	//设置图形大小400*300个像素点
	glutInitWindowPosition(200, 100);
	glutCreateWindow("sample");
	glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0,0.0);
	gluOrtho2D(0.0, 400.0, 0.0, 400.0);
	//次函数为照相机取景框。
	glutDisplayFunc(display);
	//glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
	glutMainLoop();
    return 0;
}

将z设为固定值，得到一个Julia集的不发散数。

// ConsoleApplication1.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <gl/glut.h>
#include <math.h>
int width = 400;
int height = 300;
int Julia(double x, double y, int n)
{
	double xx, yy, p = -0.7454, q = 0.1131;
	int i = 0;
	xx = x*x;
	yy = y*y;
	while (i++ < n) {
		y = 2 * x*y + q;
		x = xx - yy + p;
		xx = x*x;
		yy = y*y;
		if ((xx + yy) > 4) return i;
	}
	return 0;
}

void display(void)
{
	double min_a, max_a, min_b, max_b, step_b, step_a, a, b;
	int c, n = 180;
	float scale = 255.0 / n;
	min_a = -1.6;
	max_a = 1.6;
	min_b = -1.2;
	max_b = 1.2;
	step_a = (max_a - min_a) / width;
	step_b = (max_b - min_b) / height;
	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
	glBegin(GL_POINTS);
	a = min_a;
	for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
		b = min_b;
		for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
			c = 255- scale*Julia(a, b, n);
			glColor3ub(c, c, c);
			glVertex2i(x, y);
			b += step_b;
		}
		a += step_a;
	}
	glEnd();
	glFlush();
}

int main(int argc,char**argv)
{
	glutInit(&argc, argv);
	//对GLUT初始化，随后调用三个函数指定即将建立的推向视窗的特征
	glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB);
	//设置图形显示模式，要求系统为图像提供一个单独的RGB帧缓冲器
	glutInitWindowSize(width, height);
	//设置图形大小400*300个像素点
	glutInitWindowPosition(200, 100);
	glutCreateWindow("sample");
	glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0,0.0);
	gluOrtho2D(0.0, 400.0, 0.0, 300.0);
	//次函数为照相机取景框。
	glutDisplayFunc(display);
	glutMainLoop();
    return 0;
}

当然可以添加颜色：将函数改为glColor3ub(red(c), green(c), blue(c));

int red(int c) {
	if (c <= 160)return 0;
	else if (c < 224) return (c - 160) * 4;
	else return 255;
}
int green(int c)
{
	if (c <= 64) return 0;
	else if (c < 128) return (c - 64) * 4;
	else if (c < 192) return 255;
	else return (255 - c) * 4;
}
int blue(int c)
{
	if (c < 64) return c * 4;
	else if (c <= 96) return 255;
	else if (c <= 160) return(160 - c) * 4;
	else return 0;
}