Service跟Activity是最相似的组件,都代表可执行的程序,区别在于:Service一直在后台运行,没有跟用户交互的界面。
启动与停止Service有两种方法:
第一种通过startService()与stopService()启动和停止服务,Service与启动它的Activity无法进行通信和数据交换
第二种通过bindService()与unbindService()启动和停止服务。在启动时,通过bindService(Intent, ServiceConnection, int)启动服务,unbindService(ServiceConnection) 停止服务。
启动ServiceConnection参数为交互数据的对象:
首先在Activity中
// 声明IBinder对象
private BindService.MyBinder binder;
private ServiceConnection sc = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
// 这里的参数service就是交互的数据
binder = (BindService.MyBinder) service;
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
}
};
所以需要在Service类定义时定义一个Binder对象,在Service类中的onBind方法中返回:
// 定义MyBind对象
private MyBinder binder = new MyBinder();
public class MyBinder extends Binder{
// 这在里面可以返回跟Activity交互的数据
// 可以是基本类型,String,以及经过序列化的对象
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return binder;
}
这样就能完成Service与Activity数据交互的任务了。
以上是同进程间Service与Activity的交互。下面说一下不同进程Activity与Service之间的交互,最简单的IPC机制
大致的流程是,客户端即Activity发送一个信息到服务端Service,服务端Service收到消息后进行响应。客户端与服务端通信的机制是通过Handler来实现的。
首先,我们要定义一个类MessagerHandler继承Handler,通过handler来进行消息传递,之后我们需要声明一个信使Messenger,通过信使来传递信息。
服务端MessengerService具体代码如下
public class MessengerService extends Service{
private static final String TAG = "MessengerService";
public static final int MSG_FROM_CLIENT = 0;
@Nullable
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return mMessenger.getBinder();
}
private static class MessagerHandler extends Handler{
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what){
case MSG_FROM_CLIENT:
Log.i(TAG, "receive msg from Client:" + msg.getData().getString("msg"));
// 收到消息后回传给客户端
Messenger client = msg.replyTo;
Message replyMessage = Message.obtain(null, MSG_FROM_CLIENT);
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString("reply", "嗯,你的消息我哦已经收到了.");
replyMessage.setData(bundle);
try {
client.send(replyMessage);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
break;
default:
super.handleMessage(msg);
break;
}
}
}
private final Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new MessagerHandler());
}
下面来写客户端MainActivity,客户端与服务端是通过ServiceConnection对象进行连接的,首先定义mConnection对象,在onServiceConnected方法中获取到Binder,然后通过Message将信息发出去,最后仍然是通过信使Messenger来获取服务器返回的信息。具体代码如下
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
private Messenger mService;
private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
mService = new Messenger(service);
Message msg = Message.obtain(null, MessengerService.MSG_FROM_CLIENT);
Bundle data = new Bundle();
data.putString("msg", "hello, this is client.");
msg.setData(data);
// 发送目标
msg.replyTo = mGetReplyMessenger;
try {
mService.send(msg);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
Intent intent = new Intent(this, MessengerService.class);
bindService(intent, mConnection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
private Messenger mGetReplyMessenger = new Messenger(new MessengerHandler());
private static class MessengerHandler extends Handler{
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what){
case MessengerService.MSG_FROM_CLIENT:
Log.i(TAG, "receive msg from Service:" + msg.getData().getString("reply"));
break;
default:
super.handleMessage(msg);
break;
}
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
unbindService(mConnection);
super.onDestroy();
}
}
以上就是IPC机制通过Binder来进行通信,这是单条信息处理的机制,如果需要进行多信息的交互,就需要更复杂的操作。