Objective-C基础知识点

第五讲:字典、集、数组排序(详情请参考源程序lession5-homework)
知识点:
字典:
1.字典用于保存具有映射关系数据的集合,一个key-value认为是一个条目(Entry),字典是存储key-value对的容器.
2.字典类的特点:字典靠key存取元素,key不能重复,value必须是对象,键值对在字典中是无序存储的.
3.不可变字典:字典一旦创建,键值对就不可更改,不可添加,不可删除,仅能读取key或value.可变字典可以对管理的键值对惊醒增、删、改.

集合(set):
1.集合的特点:集合中的元素唯一,存储的元素是无序的,存储元素必须是对象类型.IOS中用Set表示集合
2.不可变集合、可变集合和NSCountSet(能记录元素的重复次数,在set的基础上添加了计数功能->countForObject).

集合的快速枚举:(for...in...)


数组排序:(exchangeObjectAtIndex)
数组默认排序:不可变数组:[array sortedAarrayUsingSelector<#(SEL)#>]
可变数组:[mutableArray sortUsingSelector<#(SEL)#>]
@select,获取方法名.这个方法名师叔祖中的方法 //默认使用升序排列




//字典
//1.不可变字典

//方法1.初始化

//方法2

//键值对的数量

//获取所有的key值

//获取所有的value值

//获取某个key值的value;

//获取一个对象的所有key值



//可变字典

//方法1.初始化

//方法2.删除键值对

//删除某个键多对应的值

//删除所有的键值对

//方法3.增加键值对

//从一个字典中添加一个键值对

//方法4.设置键值对[Entry]的值



//集合

//不可变集合

//方法1.初始化

//2.集合中元素的个数

//3.随机取出集合中的元素

//4.判断集合中是否含有某个元素,若有则返回该值



//可变集合

//1.初始化(参考不可变集合初始化方法,此处只列举一个).

//2.往集合中添加元素

//3.删除某个元素

//4.删除全部元素.

//5.元素个数.



//NSCountedSet:计重复元素个数的功能

//初始化

//元素个数

//计重复元素个数



//快速枚举

//数组排序

//字典

/*

    //字典

        /*

         

        //1.不可变字典

        

        //方法1.初始化

        

        //初始化方法1.

        NSDictionary *dic = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"yangxiutao" forKey:@"name"];

        NSLog(@"%@",dic);

        //初始化方法2.

        NSDictionary *dic1 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"yangxiutao",@"name",@"23",@"age",@"man",@"sex", nil];

        NSLog(@"%@",dic1);

        //初始化方法3.

        NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"yangxiutao",@"man",@"24", nil];

        NSArray *array2 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"name",@"sex",@"age", nil];

        NSDictionary *dic2 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjects:array forKeys:array2];

        NSLog(@"%@",dic2);

        //初始化方法4.

        NSDictionary *dic3 = [NSDictionary dictionary];

        dic3 = dic;

        NSLog(@"%@",dic3);

        

        //方法2

        NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"yangxiutao",@"man",@"24",@"jiangkun",@"man",@"23", nil];

        NSArray *array2 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"name",@"sex",@"age",@"name1",@"sex1",@"age1", nil];

        NSDictionary *dic2 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjects:array forKeys:array2];

        NSLog(@"%@",dic2);

        

        //键值对的数量

        NSInteger num = [dic2 count];

        NSLog(@"%lu",num);

        

        //获取所有的key值

        NSArray *array1 = [dic2 allKeys];

        NSLog(@"%@",array1);

        

        //获取所有的value值

        NSArray *array3 = [dic2 allValues];

        NSLog(@"%@",array3);

        

        //获取某个key值的value;

        NSString *str = [dic2 objectForKey:@"name"];

        NSLog(@"%@",str);

        

        //获取一个对象的所有key值

        NSArray *array4 = [dic2 allKeysForObject:@"yangxiutao"];

        NSLog(@"%@",array4);

        

        

        

        //可变字典

        

        //方法1.初始化

        //初始化方法1.

        NSMutableDictionary *dic = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"yangxiutao" forKey:@"name"];

        NSLog(@"%@",dic);

        //初始化方法2.

        NSMutableDictionary *dic1 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"yangixutao",@"name",@"man",@"sex",@"23",@"age",                 nil];

        NSLog(@"%@",dic1);

        //初始化方法3.

//        NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"yangixutao",@"man",@"23", nil];

//        NSMutableArray *array1 = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"name",@"sex",@"age", nil];

        NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"yangixutao",@"man",@"23", nil];

        NSArray *array1 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"name",@"sex",@"age", nil];



        NSMutableDictionary *dic2 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjects:array forKeys:array1];

        NSLog(@"%@",dic2);

        //初始化方法4.

        NSMutableDictionary *dic3 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:dic2];

        NSLog(@"%@",dic3);

        

        

        //方法2.删除键值对

        

         NSMutableDictionary *dic1 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"yangixutao",@"name",@"man",@"sex",@"23",@"age",nil];

        //删除某个键多对应的值

        [dic1 removeObjectForKey:@"sex"];

        NSLog(@"%@",dic1);

        

        //删除所有的键值对

        [dic1 removeAllObjects];

        NSLog(@"%@",dic1);

        

        

        //方法3.增加键值对

        

        NSMutableDictionary *dic1 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"yangixutao",@"name",@"man",@"sex",@"23",@"age",                 nil];

        NSMutableDictionary *dic = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"li",@"name1",@"18",@"age1",@"nv",@"sex1", nil];

        

        //从一个字典中添加一个键值对

        [dic1 addEntriesFromDictionary:dic];

        NSLog(@"%@",dic1);

        

        

        //方法4.设置键值对[Entry]的值

        

        NSMutableDictionary *dic1 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"yangixutao",@"name",@"man",@"sex",@"23",@"age",                 nil];

        

        //根据某个键值设置Value的值,用setObject:(id) forKey:(id<NSCopying>)设置Value值时,当Value为nil时,程序直接崩溃.

        [dic1 setObject:@"li" forKey:@"name"];

        NSLog(@"%@",dic1);

        

//        [dic1 setObject:nil forKey:@"name"];

//        NSLog(@"%@",dic1);

        

        //根据某个键值设置Value的值,用setValue:(id) forKey:(NSString *)设置Value值时,当Value为nil时,程序直接删除该条目.

        [dic1 setValue:@"y" forKey:@"name"];

        NSLog(@"%@",dic1);

        

        [dic1 setValue:nil forKey:@"name"];

        NSLog(@"%@",dic1);

        */

        

    //集合

        /*

        //不可变集合

        

        //方法1.初始化

        

        //初始化只有一个元素的集合

        NSSet *set = [NSSet setWithObject:@"fdg"];

        NSLog(@"%@",set);

        

        //初始化一个含有多个元素的集合

        NSSet *set1 = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"qqwxv",@"frscg",@"hgrt",@"boofl", nil];

        NSLog(@"%@",set1);

        

        //用集合初始化集合

        NSSet *set2 = [NSSet setWithSet:set];

        NSLog(@"%@",set2);

        

        //用数组初始化集合

        NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"sdf",@"23",@"ht",@"fgf", nil];

        NSSet  *set3 = [NSSet setWithArray:array];

        NSLog(@"%@",set3);

        

        

        //2.集合中元素的个数

        

        NSSet *set1 = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"qqwxv",@"frscg",@"hgrt",@"boofl", nil];

        [set1 count];

        NSLog(@"%lu",(unsigned long)set1.count);

        

        

        //3.随机取出集合中的元素

        

        NSSet *set1 = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"qqwxv",@"frscg",@"hgrt",@"boofl", nil];

        [set1 anyObject];

        NSLog(@"%@",set1.anyObject);

         

        

        //4.判断集合中是否含有某个元素,若有则返回该值

        

        NSSet *set1 = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"qqwxv",@"frscg",@"hgrt",@"boofl", nil];

        NSString *str = [set1 member:@"boofl"];

        NSLog(@"%@",str);

        

        //5.判断集合中是否含有某个元素,若有则返回TRUE

        NSSet *set1 = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"qqwxv",@"frscg",@"hgrt",@"boofl", nil];

        [set1 containsObject:@"23fsdf"];

        NSLog(@"%i",[set1 containsObject:@"fgdf"]);

        NSLog(@"%i",[set1 containsObject:@"qqwxv"]);



        

        //可变集合

        

        //1.初始化(参考不可变集合初始化方法,此处只列举一个).

        

        NSMutableSet *set = [NSMutableSet setWithObjects:@"re",@"ff",@"ger",@"hys", nil];

        

        //2.往集合中添加元素

        [set addObject:@"yangxiutao"];

        NSLog(@"%@",set);

        

        //3.删除某个元素

        [set removeObject:@"re"];

        NSLog(@"%@",set);

        

        //4.删除全部元素.

//        [set removeAllObjects];

//         NSLog(@"%@",set);

        

        //5.元素个数.

        NSLog(@"%li",set.count);

        

    

        

        //NSCountedSet:计重复元素个数的功能

        

        //初始化

        NSCountedSet *set1 = [NSCountedSet setWithObjects:@"111",@"222",@"333",@"444",@"444",nil];

        NSLog(@"%@",set1);

        

        //元素个数

        [set1 count];

        NSLog(@"%lu",set1.count);

        

        //计重复元素个数

        [set1 countForObject:@"111"];

        NSLog(@"%lu",[set1 countForObject:@"444"]);

*/

        

    //快速枚举

        /*

        NSSet *set1 = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"qqwxv",@"frscg",@"hgrt",@"boofl", nil];



        for (NSString *str in set1) {

            NSLog(@"%@",str);

        }

        

        */

        

    //数组排序

        /*

        //typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSComparisonResult) {NSOrderedAscending = -1L, NSOrderedSame, NSOrderedDescending};



        NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"fsd",@"te",@"wf",@"rh", nil];

        

        for (int i = 0; i < array.count - 1; i++) {

            for (int j = 0 ; j < array.count - 1 - i; j++) {

                if ([[array objectAtIndex:j] compare:[array objectAtIndex:j + 1]] == 1) {

                    [array exchangeObjectAtIndex:j withObjectAtIndex:j+1];

                }

            }

        }

        NSLog(@"%@",array);

*/