Android实例：编写聊天界面

1）编写一个聊天界面，用LIstView来显示聊天的消息内容，用EditText来输入消息，用Button来发送消息。在activity_main.xml中：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@drawable/image2"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.example.administrator.myapplication.MainActivity">

<ListView
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    android:layout_weight="1"
    android:id="@+id/msg_list_view"
    android:divider="#000"
    >

</ListView>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">
        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/input_text"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:hint="Type something here"
            android:maxLines="2"/>
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/send"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="Send"
            android:textAllCaps="false"/>
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

2）新建一个Msg类，content表示消息的内容，type表示消息的类型。

package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2016/7/14.
 */
public class Msg {
    public static final int TYPE_RECEIVED=0;
    public static final int TYPE_SENT=1;
    private String content;
    private int type;
    public Msg(String content,int type){
        this.content=content;
        this.type=type;
    }
    public String getContent(){
        return content;
    }
    public int getType(){
        return type;
    }
}
3）编写ListView子项的布局，新建msg_item.xml，其中收到的消息左对齐，发出的消息右对齐
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:padding="10dp">
    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/left_layout"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="left"
        android:background="@drawable/image1"
        >
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/left_msg"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center"
            android:layout_margin="10dp"
            />

    </LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/right_layout"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="right"
        android:background="@drawable/image4"
        >
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/right_msg"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center"
            android:layout_margin="10dp"
            />
    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>
4）创建ListVie的适配器类，让它继承自ArrayAdapter,并将泛型指定为Msg类。新建类MsgAdapter
package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

import android.content.Context;
import android.support.v4.widget.ViewDragHelper;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2016/7/14.
 */
public class MsgAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Msg> {
    private int resourceId;
    public MsgAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<Msg> objects){
        super(context,textViewResourceId,objects);
        resourceId=textViewResourceId;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent){
        Msg msg=getItem(position);
        View view;
        ViewHolder viewHolder;           //ViewHolder,用于对控件的实例进行缓存
        if(convertView==null){          //convertView用于将之前加载好的布局进行缓存，以便之后可以进行重用。
            view= LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,null);
            viewHolder=new ViewHolder();
            viewHolder.leftLayout=(LinearLayout) view.findViewById(R.id.left_layout);
            viewHolder.rightLayout=(LinearLayout) view.findViewById(R.id.right_layout);
            viewHolder.leftMsg=(TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.left_msg);
            viewHolder.rightMsg=(TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.right_msg);
            view.setTag(viewHolder);
        }else{
            view=convertView;
            viewHolder=(ViewHolder) view.getTag();
        }
        if (msg.getType()==Msg.TYPE_RECEIVED){  //如果是收到消息，则显示左边的消息布局，将右边的消息布局隐藏
            viewHolder.leftLayout.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
            viewHolder.rightLayout.setVisibility(View.GONE);
            viewHolder.leftMsg.setText(msg.getContent());
        }else if(msg.getType()==Msg.TYPE_SENT){
            viewHolder.rightLayout.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
            viewHolder.leftLayout.setVisibility(View.GONE);
            viewHolder.rightMsg.setText(msg.getContent());
        }
        return view;
    }

class ViewHolder{
    LinearLayout leftLayout;
    LinearLayout rightLayout;
    TextView leftMsg;
    TextView rightMsg;
    }

}
5)在 MainActivity中，为ListView初始化一些数据，并给发送按钮添加事件响应
package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.widget.ListViewCompat;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.Window;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ListView;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private ListView msgListView;
    private EditText inputText;
    private Button send;
    private MsgAdapter adapter;
    private List<Msg> msgList=new ArrayList<Msg>();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initMsgs();
        adapter=new MsgAdapter(MainActivity.this,R.layout.msg_item,msgList);
        inputText=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.input_text);
        send=(Button)findViewById(R.id.send);
        msgListView=(ListView)findViewById(R.id.msg_list_view);
        msgListView.setAdapter(adapter);
        send.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                String content=inputText.getText().toString();
                if(!"".equals(content)){
                    Msg msg=new Msg(content,Msg.TYPE_SENT);
                    msgList.add(msg);
                    adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                    msgListView.setSelection(msgList.size());
                    inputText.setText("");
                }
            }
        });
    }
    private void initMsgs(){
        Msg msg1=new Msg("在干嘛？",Msg.TYPE_RECEIVED);
        msgList.add(msg1);
        Msg msg2=new Msg("没事，很无聊。你呢？",Msg.TYPE_SENT);
        msgList.add(msg2);
        Msg msg3=new Msg("没事，就是想你！",Msg.TYPE_RECEIVED);
        msgList.add(msg3);
    }
}
运行效果图：