WebView可视为一个App内置的浏览器,可用于嵌入HTML5网页。
WebView能联网需要在AndroidManifest.xml中获得上网权限:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
AndroidManifest.xml文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.wlb.learn_webview">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
通过WebView实现基本的浏览网页功能,通过EditText输入网址,Button打开网页与实现后退功能:
1.布局文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context="com.example.wlb.learn_webview.MainActivity"
android:orientation="vertical">
<!--输入框与按钮水平布置-->
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<EditText
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/edUrl"
android:text="http://www.baidu.com"/>
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/btnWv"
android:text="打开"/>
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/btnBack"
android:text="后退"/>
</LinearLayout>
<WebView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:id="@+id/wv"></WebView>
</LinearLayout>
2.
package com.example.wlb.learn_webview;
import android.provider.Browser;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.KeyEvent;
import android.view.View;
import android.webkit.WebChromeClient;
import android.webkit.WebSettings;
import android.webkit.WebView;
import android.webkit.WebViewClient;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private WebView webView;
private EditText edUrl;
private Button btnWv;
private Button btnBack;
private String url = "";
/*重写onKeyDown方法,在WebView中使用返回键时可返回上一页,在最后动作退出*/
@Override
public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
if ((keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK)){
/*WebView有可返回的页面时,按返回键先实现后退功能,最后才退出App*/
if (webView.canGoBack()){
webView.getSettings().setCacheMode(WebSettings.LOAD_CACHE_ELSE_NETWORK);
webView.goBack();
return true;
}else {
finish();
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
edUrl = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edUrl);
url = edUrl.getText().toString();
webView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.wv);
webView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient(){
@Override
public boolean shouldOverrideUrlLoading(WebView view, String url) {
/*重写该方法,令打开连接时不会调用外部浏览器*/
view.loadUrl(url);
return true;
}
});
/*允许WebView加载JavaScript*/
webView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
/*允许WebView显示图片*/
webView.getSettings().setBlockNetworkImage(false);
/*设置后退按钮,令WebView中返回键可以后退到上一网页*/
btnBack = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnBack);
btnBack.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
/*实现后退动作的方法*/
webView.goBack();
}
});
/*设置打开网页按钮,令WebView可显示网页内容*/
btnWv = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnWv);
btnWv.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
/*打开链接的方法*/
webView.loadUrl(url);
}
});
System.out.println("onCreate");
}
@Override
protected void onStart() {
super.onStart();
System.out.println("onStart");
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
System.out.println("onResume");
}
@Override
protected void onPause() {
super.onPause();
System.out.println("onPause");
}
@Override
protected void onStop() {
super.onStop();
System.out.println("onStop");
}
@Override
protected void onRestart() {
super.onRestart();
System.out.println("onRestart");
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
System.out.println("onDestroy");
}
}