创建网页
主页:
1.定义URL
先打开项目文件夹中的urls.py,如应用名为learning_logs
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('', include('learning_logs.urls', namespace='learning_logs')),
]
再打开应用程序文件夹,新建urls.py,如下
from django.urls import path,re_path
from . import views
app_name = 'learning_logs'
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.index, name='index'),
]
2.编写视图
打开应用程序文件夹中的view.py,编写 :
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
return render(request, 'learning_logs/index.html')
3.编写模板
在应用程序文件夹中创建一个templates文件夹,再在新文件夹中创建一个以应用程序名为名的文件夹,在其中新建一个html文件命名为index.html,代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Learning Log</p>
<p>Learning Log helps you keep track of your learning, for any topic you're learning about.</p>
</body>
</html>
主页创建完成,主要涉及四个文件,先是两个urls.py,然后是view.py,最后是index.html
创建其他网页
1.模板继承
父模板:在index同一文件夹中创建base.html:
<p>
<a href="{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}">Learning Log</a>
</p>
{% block content %}{% endblock content %}
子模板:修改index.html
{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<p>Learning Log helps you keep track of your learning, for any topic you're learning about.</p>
{% endblock content%}
2.显示所有主题的页面
与创建主页类似,链接,视图,模板,即
urls,views,html
2.1 应用程序文件夹的urls.py,在原代码中加入:
# 显示所有的主题
path('topics/',views.topics,name = 'topics')
2.2 views.py,加入:
from .models import Topic
def topics(request):
"""显示所有的主题"""
topics = Topic.objects.order_by('date_added')
context = {'topics': topics}
return render(request, 'learning_logs/topics.html', context)
2.3 在index同一文件夹中创建一个topic.html:
{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<p>Topics</p>
<ul>
{% for topic in topics %}
<li>{{ topic }}</li>
{% empty %}
<li>No topics have been added yet.</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endblock content %}
2.4 修改父模板使其包含到显示所有主题的页面的链接:
<p>
<a href="{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}">Learning Log</a> -
<a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topics' %}">Topics</a>
</p>
{% block content %}{% endblock content %}
3.显示特定主题的页面
urls:添加:
# 特定主题的详细页面
re_path(r'^topics/(?P<topic_id>\d+)/$', views.topic, name='topic'),
views:添加:
def topic(request, topic_id):
"""显示单个主题及其所有的条目"""
topic = Topic.objects.get(id=topic_id)
entries = topic.entry_set.order_by('-date_added')
context = {'topic': topic, 'entries': entries}
return render(request, 'learning_logs/topic.html', context)
html:新建topic.html
{% extends 'learning_logs/base.html' %}
{% block content %}
<p>Topic: {{ topic }}</p>
<p>Entries:</p>
<ul>
{% for entry in entries %}
<li>
<p>{{ entry.date_added|date:'M d, Y H:i' }}</p>
<p>{{ entry.text|linebreaks }}</p>
</li>
{% empty %}
<li>
There are no entries for this topic yet.
</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endblock content %}
修改topics.html,使特定主题的页面链接到所有主题页面:
{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<p>Topics</p>
<ul>
{% for topic in topics %}
<li>
<a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topic' topic.id %}">{{ topic }}</a>
</li>
{% empty %}
<li>No topics have been added yet.</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endblock content %}
这部分主要是创建网页及其链接,过程中有很多东西报错,百度后才逐步得出结果,新手刚入门,希望总结一下过程会有深刻一点的印象。