ubuntu 21.04对source.list.d目录的介绍（软件源、换源）

1. sources.list

• sources.list 位于/etc/apt目录下

• sources.list是一个普通可编辑的文本文件，保存了ubuntu软件更新的源服务器的地址.

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2. sources.list.d/*.list

• sources.list.d/*.list位于/etc/apt/sources.list.d目录下

• 为在单独文件中写入源的地址提供了一种方式，通常用来安装第三方的软件.

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3. 换源

• 首先查看自己的Ubuntu系统的codename(这一步很重要)，直接导致你更新的源是否对你的系统起效果，查看方法：
  lsb_release -a

Q&A

• 1. No LSB modules are available.

解：

apt install lsb-core -y

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4. 镜像源获取

名称	分类	地址
阿里云
*	xenial	https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial
*	xenial-backports	https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial-backports
*	xenial-proposed	https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial-proposed
*	xenial-security	https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial-security
*	xenial-updates	https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial-updates
清华
*	xenial	https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/dists/xenial
*	xenial-backports	https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/dists/xenial-backports
*	xenial-proposed	https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/dists/xenial-proposed
*	xenial-security	https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/dists/xenial-security
*	xenial-updates	https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/dists/xenial-updates
中科大
*	xenial	http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/dists/xenial/
*	xenial-backports	http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/dists/xenial-backports
*	xenial-proposed	http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/dists/xenial-proposed
*	xenial-security	http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/dists/xenial-security
*	xenial-updates	http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/dists/xenial-updates

**注意：**根据codename找.

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5. 选择源

ping mirrors.aliyun.com

ping mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

ping mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

总结：aliyun的源在时延上表现最好.

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6. 备份并修改sources.list

cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources_init.list`
 `vim /etc/apt/sources.list`
 `apt update

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7. 命令或脚本

1. 命令

格式：sudo sed -i ‘s/<原域名/新域名>/g’ /etc/apt/sources.list

• 官方源换阿里云源
  sudo sed -i 's/archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
• 官方源换清华源
  sudo sed -i 's/archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
• 官方源换中科大源
  sudo sed -i 's/archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
• 阿里云源换清华源
  sudo sed -i 's/mirrors.aliyun.com/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

apt update

2. 脚本

• 换阿里云源
  cd /etc/apt
vim Init_sources.sh

#!/bin/bash
Codename=$( (lsb_release -a)|awk '{print $2}'|tail -n 1 )
MirrorsName="mirrors.aliyun.com"
echo "\
deb http://$MirrorsName/ubuntu/ $Codename main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://$MirrorsName/ubuntu/ $Codename-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://$MirrorsName/ubuntu/ $Codename-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://$MirrorsName/ubuntu/ $Codename-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://$MirrorsName/ubuntu/ $Codename-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://$MirrorsName/ubuntu/ $Codename main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://$MirrorsName/ubuntu/ $Codename-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://$MirrorsName/ubuntu/ $Codename-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://$MirrorsName/ubuntu/ $Codename-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://$MirrorsName/ubuntu/ $Codename-updates main multiverse restricted universe 
">sources.list
apt update
 
chmod +x Init_sources.sh`
 `bash Init_sources.sh`或`./Init_sources.sh

注意:

• 脚本必须位于/etc/apt目录中.
• MirrorsName值可以更改为其他镜像的域名.

8. 阿里云Ubuntu16.0.4服务器源

## Note, this file is written by cloud-init on first boot of an instance
## modifications made here will not survive a re-bundle.
## if you wish to make changes you can:
## a.) add 'apt_preserve_sources_list: true' to /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg
##     or do the same in user-data
## b.) add sources in /etc/apt/sources.list.d
## c.) make changes to template file /etc/cloud/templates/sources.list.tmpl

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ xenial main

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
# deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
# deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports'
## repository.
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
# deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner

deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-security main
deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
# deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse

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参考链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/5400722c369c