android---内容提供者

首先介绍一下android的ContentProvider的具体含义：

当应用继承ContentProvider类，并重写该类用于提供数据和存储数据的方法，就可以向其他应用共享其数据。虽然使用其他方法也可以对外共享数据，但数据访问方式会因数据存储的方式而不同，如：采用文件方式对外共享数据，需要进行文件操作读写数据；采用sharedpreferences共享数据，需要使用sharedpreferences API读写数据。而使用ContentProvider共享数据的好处是统一了数据访问方式。

.适用场景

1) ContentProvider为存储和读取数据提供了统一的接口

2) 使用ContentProvider，应用程序可以实现数据共享

3) android内置的许多数据都是使用ContentProvider形式，供开发者调用的(如视频，音频，图片，通讯录等)

2.相关概念介绍

public class DbHeler extends SQLiteOpenHelper{

	private static String name="mydb.db";
	private static int version=1;
	public DbHeler(Context context) {
		super(context,name, null,version);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
	@Override
	public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		String sql="create table student (id integer primary key autoincrement ,name varchar(64),address varchar(64))";
		db.execSQL(sql);
	}
	@Override
	public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
	}

}

工具类写好了，下面是主要的内容提供者的主要的类

public class StudentProvider extends ContentProvider {
	private final String TAG = "StudentProvider";

	private DbHeler helper = null;
	private static final UriMatcher URI_MATCHER = new UriMatcher(
			UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
	private static final int STUDENT = 1;
	private static final int STUDENTS = 2;
	static {
		URI_MATCHER.addURI("com.example.contentprovider.StudentProvider",
				"student", STUDENTS);
		URI_MATCHER.addURI("com.example.contentprovider.StudentProvider",
				"student/#", STUDENT);
	}

	@Override
	public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Uri resultUri = null;
		int flag = URI_MATCHER.match(uri);
		switch (flag) {
		case STUDENTS:
			SQLiteDatabase database = helper.getWritableDatabase();
			long id = database.insert("student", null, values);
			resultUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, id);

			break;

		default:
			break;
		}
		Log.i(TAG, "---->" + resultUri.toString());
		return resultUri;
	}

	@Override
	public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
		int count=-1;//影响数据库的行数
		try {
			int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri);
			SQLiteDatabase database=helper.getWritableDatabase();
			switch (flag) {
			case STUDENT:
				//content://com.example.contentprovider.StudentProvider/student/1
			   //delete from student where id=?
				long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri);
				String where_value=" id = "+id;
				if(selection!=null&&!selection.equals("")){
					where_value+=" and "+selection;
				}
				count =database.delete("student", where_value, selectionArgs);
				break;
			case STUDENTS:
				count=database.delete("student", selection,selectionArgs);
				break;
			default:
				break;
			}
			
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
		}
		return 0;
	}

	@Override
	public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs,
			String sortOrder) {
		Cursor cursor=null;
		try {
			SQLiteDatabase database=helper.getReadableDatabase();
			int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri);
			
			switch (flag) {
			case STUDENT:
				long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri);
				String where_value=" id = "+id;
				if(selection!=null&&!selection.equals("")){
					where_value+=" and "+selection;
				}
				cursor=database.query("student", null, where_value, selectionArgs, null, null, null, null);
				break;
				case STUDENTS:
					cursor=database.query("student", null, selection,selectionArgs, null, null, null, null);
					break;
			default:
				break;
			}
			
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
		}
		return cursor;
	}

	@Override
	public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
		int count=-1;
		try {
			SQLiteDatabase database=helper.getWritableDatabase();
			//update  table set name=? ,address=? values id=?
			long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri);
			int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri);
			switch (flag) {
			case STUDENT:
				String where_value=" id = "+id;
				if(selection!=null&&!selection.equals("")){
					where_value+=" and "+selection;
				}
				count=database.update("student", values, where_value, selectionArgs);
				break;

			default:
				break;
			}
			
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
		}
		
		return count;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean onCreate() {
		helper = new DbHeler(getContext());
		return false;
	}

	@Override
	public String getType(Uri uri) {
		int flag = URI_MATCHER.match(uri);
		switch (flag) {
		case STUDENT:
			return "vnd.android.cursor.item/student";

		case STUDENTS:
			return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/students";
		}
		return null;
	}
}

写一个测试类把，来测试所有的接口

public class MyTest extends AndroidTestCase {

	public void insert() {
		// 内容解析者
		ContentResolver contentResolver = getContext().getContentResolver();
		Uri url = Uri
				.parse("content://com.example.contentprovider.StudentProvider/student");
		ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
		values.put("name", "王五");
		values.put("address", "济南");
		contentResolver.insert(url, values);
	}

	public void delete() {
		ContentResolver contentResolver = getContext().getContentResolver();
		Uri uri = Uri
				.parse("content://com.example.contentprovider.StudentProvider/student/2");
		contentResolver.delete(uri, null, null);

	}

	public void update() {
		ContentResolver contentResolver = getContext().getContentResolver();
		Uri uri = Uri
				.parse("content://com.example.contentprovider.StudentProvider/student/3");
		ContentValues values=new ContentValues();
		values.put("name","李斯");
		values.put("address","上海");
		contentResolver.update(uri, values, null, null);
	}
	public void query(){
		ContentResolver contentResolver=getContext().getContentResolver();
		//查询单条记录://com.example.contentprovider.StudentProvider/student/3
		//查询多条记录:	content://com.example.contentprovider.StudentProvider/student
		Uri uri = Uri
				.parse("content://com.example.contentprovider.StudentProvider/student");
		Cursor cursor=contentResolver.query(uri, null, null, null, null);
		while(cursor.moveToNext()){
			System.out.println("--->"+cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name")));
		}
	}	
	}
	

最后的配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.contentprovider"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk
        android:minSdkVersion="8"
        android:targetSdkVersion="17" />
    <instrumentation android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner" 
        android:targetPackage="com.example.contentprovider"></instrumentation>
   

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
       <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner"/>
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
       <provider 
           android:name=".StudentProvider"
           android:authorities="com.example.contentprovider.StudentProvider"
           ></provider> 
        
    </application>

</manifest>