这两天继续研究RB_Tree。
上次说到为什么sgi stl会选择rb_tree作为set,map的基础实现,而不选择avl_tree。经过对资料的查询,最终,得出的结论是rb_tree在rebalance方面右性能优势。rb_tree的rebalance的时间顶多是进行两次totate,而avl_tree就需要有O(log(N))的时间。
那么,这次我们先来研究为什么rb_tree的rebalance函数只需要2次rotate就能够解决。
其实问题的答案就在sgi版本的stl源码中,让我们对stl中stl_tree.h进行解析,就不难找出答案。
sgi版本的stl中stl_tree.h实现了rb_tree的迭代器,数据结构以及各种操作。
为了更大的弹性,sgi将rb_tree的节点结构以及迭代器都实现为两层(与slist类似)。如图所示:
而设计中四个类全部使用struct进行设计,所以所有成员都是public的。
进行插入操作之后,rb_tree都会进行一次调整操作,将树的状态调整到符合rb_tree的要求。此时就会调用我们今天的主角__Rb_tree_rebalance()函数。此函数解析如下:
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![ExpandedBlockStart.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
![dot.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/dot.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedSubBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
![dot.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/dot.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedSubBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
![dot.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/dot.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedSubBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
![dot.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/dot.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedSubBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
![dot.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/dot.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedSubBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
![dot.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/dot.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedSubBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
![dot.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/dot.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedSubBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
![dot.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/dot.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedSubBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
![dot.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/dot.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedSubBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
![dot.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/dot.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedBlockEnd.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
其中还会调用另外两个全局函数做左旋转以及右旋转。函数代码分析如下:
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![ExpandedBlockStart.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
![dot.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/dot.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedBlockEnd.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![ExpandedBlockStart.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
![dot.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/dot.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedBlockEnd.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif)
综观__rb_tree_rebalance的实现代码,我们能够清晰的看到,为了使树形平衡,有时候只许改变节点颜色,有时候需要做单旋转,有时候需要做双旋转(两次单旋转),有时候需要左旋,有时候需要右旋。
所以,rb_tree的rebalance最多只需要两次rotate即可达到目的。
以上分析也印证了一个道理:源码面前,了无秘密。
参考资料:《stl 源码剖析》 侯捷 著