/boot:顾名思义
/root :同上
/lost+found:同上
/run:同上
/home:同上
/etc:ETCetera
/bin:BINaries
/dev:DEVices
/lib:LIBraries
/mnt:MouNT
/proc:PROCesses
/tmp:TeMPorary
/var:VARiable
/srv:SeRVices
/opt:OPTion
/sbin:Super BINaries(又作Superuser BINaries)
/sys:SYStem
/usr:一鼓而作Unix System Resources,再而作Unix Software Resources,三而作Unix Shared Resources(这个很重要,很多人会认为这个是user)
以下是系统管理时用到的:
首先是文件管理(包括文件输出管理):
ls -- LiSt
cd -- Change Directory
pwd -- Print Working Directory
cp -- CoPy
mv -- MoVe
rm -- ReMove
pushd -- PUSH to Directory
popd -- POP from Directory
mkdir -- MaKe DIRectory
rmdir -- ReMove DIRectory
cat -- CATenate
sed -- Stream EDitor
diff -- DIFFerence
wc -- Word Count
chmod -- CHange MODe
chown -- CHange OWNer
chgrp -- CHange GRouP
awk -- Aho Weinberger and Kernighan
grep -- General Regular Expression Print(
ln -- LiNk
tar -- TARball
接下来是硬件管理:
df -- Disk Free
du -- Disk Usage
dd -- Data Description
parted -- PARTition EDitor
lspci -- LiSt Peripheral Component Interconnect
lscpu -- LiSt Central Process Unit
lsusb -- LiSt Universal Serial Bus
然后是软件及软件包管理:
man -- MANual
apt -- Advanced Packaging Tool
dpkg -- Debian PacKaGe
yum -- Yellow dog Updater, Modified
rpm -- RPM Package Manager
之后是系统管理(主要是内核模组):
depmod -- DEPend MODule
lsmod -- LiSt MODule
modprobe -- MODule PROBE
modinfo -- MODule INFOrmation
insmod -- INSert MODule
rmmod -- ReMove MODule
ps -- Processes Status
su -- Substitute User
bash -- Bourne Again SHell
init -- INITialization
ssh -- Secure SHell
wine -- Wine Is Not an Emulator
exec -- EXECute
fstab -- FileSystem TABle
passwd -- PASSWorD
tty -- TeleTYpe
sudo -- SuperUser DO
grub -- GRand Unified Bootloader
tzselect -- Time Zone SELECT
sync -- SYNChronize
最后是编辑器:
ed -- EDitor
nano -- Nano's ANOther editor(还有)
emacs -- Editor MACroS(还有很多全称,就不罗列了,这个接受度比较广)
vi -- VIsual
vim -- Vi Improved