JavaWeb之Servlet（三）HttpServletRequest

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-16 12:18:48 发布

麦客子

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-16 12:18:48 发布

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1．HttpServletRequest概述

我们在创建Servlet时会覆盖service()方法，或doGet()/doPost(),这些方法都有两个参数，一个为代表请求的request和代表响应response。

service方法中的request的类型是ServletRequest，而doGet/doPost方法的request的类型是HttpServletRequest，HttpServletRequest是ServletRequest的子接口，功能和方法更加强大，今天我们学习HttpServletRequest。

2．request的运行流程

3．通过抓包工具抓取Http请求

因为request代表请求，所以我们可以通过该对象分别获得Http请求的请求行，请求头和请求体

4．通过request获得请求行

获得客户端的请求方式：String getMethod()

获得请求的资源：

String getRequestURI()

StringBuffer getRequestURL()

String getContextPath() ---web应用的名称

String getQueryString() ---- get提交url地址后的参数字符串

username=zhangsan&password=123

注意：request获得客户机（客户端）的一些信息

request.getRemoteAddr() --- 获得访问的客户端IP地址

package com.sh.line;
/**
 * request获得请求行的内容  获得客户机信息
 */
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import jdk.management.resource.ResourceRequest;

public class LineServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		
		//1.获得请求方式
		String method = request.getMethod();
		System.out.println("method="+method);
		//2.获得请求的资源相关的内容
		String requestURI =request.getRequestURI();
		StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
		System.out.println("URI:"+requestURI);
		System.out.println("URL:"+requestURL);
		
		//获得web应用的名称
		String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
		System.out.println("web应用："+contextPath);
		//地址后参数的字符串
		String queryString = request.getQueryString();
		System.out.println(queryString);
		
		//3.获得客户机的信息 ---客户机IP
		String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
		System.out.println("访问者IP:"+remoteAddr);
	}

	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(request, response);
	}
}

5．通过request获得请求头

long getDateHeader(String name)

String getHeader(String name)

Enumeration getHeaderNames()

Enumeration getHeaders(String name)

int getIntHeader(String name)

referer头的作用：执行该此访问的的来源

做防盗链

package com.sh.header;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class HeaderServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		//1.获得指定的头
		String header = request.getHeader("User-Agent");
		System.out.println(header);
		//2.获得所有头的名字
		Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
		while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()) {
			String headerName = headerNames.nextElement();
			String headerValue = request.getHeader(headerName);
			System.out.println(headerName+":"+headerValue);
		}
	}

	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(request, response);
	}
}

防盗链代码：

package com.sh.header;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class ReferServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		
		//对该新闻的来源进行判断
		String header = request.getHeader("ReferServlet");
		if(header!=null&&header.startsWith("http://localhost")) {
			//是从我自己的网站跳转过来的，可看新闻
			response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
			response.getWriter().write("中国已经拿到100块金牌！");
		}else {
			response.getWriter().write("你是盗链者，可耻！");
		}
	}

	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(request, response);
	}
}

6．通过request获得请求体

请求体中的内容是通过post提交的请求参数，格式是：

username=zhangsan&password=123&hobby=football&hobby=basketball

key ---------------------- value

username [zhangsan]

password [123]

hobby [football，basketball]

以上面参数为例，通过一下方法获得请求参数：

String getParameter(String name)

String[] getParameterValues(String name)

Enumeration getParameterNames()

Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap()

注意：get请求方式的请求参数上述的方法一样可以获得

解决post提交方式的乱码：request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

解决get提交的方式的乱码：

parameter = new String(parameter.getbytes("iso8859-1"),"utf-8");

package com.sh.content;
/**
 * request获得请求参数
 */
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.el.stream.StreamELResolverImpl;

public class ContentServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		//1.获得单个表单
		String username = request.getParameter("username");
		System.out.println(username);
		String password = request.getParameter("password");
		System.out.println(password);
		
		//2.获得多个表单
		String[] hobbys = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
		for (String hobby : hobbys) {
			System.out.println(hobby);
		}
		
		//3.获得所有请求参数的名称
		Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
		while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()) {
			System.out.println(parameterNames.nextElement());
			
		}
		
		//4.获得所有的参数 封装到Map<String, String[]>
		Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
		for(Map.Entry<String, String[]> entry:parameterMap.entrySet()) {
			System.out.println(entry.getKey());
			for(String str:entry.getValue()) {
				System.out.println(str);
			}
		}
	}

	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(request, response);
	}
}

7．request的其他功能

(1)request是一个域对象

request对象也是一个存储数据的区域对象，所以也具有如下方法：

setAttribute(String name,Object o)

getAttribute(String name)

removeAttribute(String name)

注意：request域的作用范围：一次请求中

(2)request完成请求转发

获得请求转发器----path是转发的地址

RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)

通过转发器对象转发

requestDispathcer.forward(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response)

package com.sh.forword;
/**
 * 请求转发
 */
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class Servlet1 extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		
		//向request域中存储数据
		request.setAttribute("name", "tom");
		
		//servlet1将请求转发给servlet2
		RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/Servlet2");
		//执行转发的方法
		dispatcher.forward(request, response);
	}

	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(request, response);
	}
}

package com.sh.forword;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class Servlet2 extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		//从request域中取数据
		Object attribute = request.getAttribute("name");
		response.getWriter().write("hello haohao..."+attribute);
	}

	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(request, response);
	}
}

注意：ServletContext域与Request域的生命周期比较？

ServletContext：

创建：服务器启动

销毁：服务器关闭

域的作用范围：整个web应用

request：

创建：访问时创建request

销毁：响应结束request销毁

域的作用范围：一次请求中

注意：转发与重定向的区别？

1）重定向两次请求，转发一次请求

2）重定向地址栏的地址变化，转发地址不变

3）重新定向可以访问外部网站转发只能访问内部资源

4）转发的性能要优于重定向

注意：客户端地址与服务器端地址的写法？

客户端地址：

是客户端去访问服务器的地址，服务器外部的地址，特点：写上web应用名称

直接输入地址：

重定向

服务器端地址：

服务器内部资源的跳转的地址，特点：不需要写web应用的名称

总结：

request获得行的内容

request.getMethod()

request.getRequestURI()

request.getRequestURL()

request.getContextPath()

request.getRemoteAddr()

request获得头的内容

request.getHeader(name)

request获得体（请求参数）

String request.getParameter(name)

Map<String,String[]> request.getParameterMap();

String[] request.getParameterValues(name);

注意：客户端发送的参数到服务器端都是字符串

获得中文乱码的解决：

post:request.setCharacterEncoding(“UTF-8”);

get:

parameter = new String(parameter.getBytes(“iso8859-1”),”UTF-8”);

request转发和域

request.getRequestDispatcher(转发的地址).forward(req,resp);

request.setAttribute(name,value)

request.getAttribute(name)

8．案例：实现用户的登录注册

注册代码：

package com.ithiema.register;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;

import com.ithiema.utils.DataSourceUtils;

public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		//设置request的编码---只适合post方式
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		
		//get方式乱码解决
		//String username = request.getParameter("username");//乱码
		//先用iso8859-1编码 在使用utf-8解码
		//username = new String(username.getBytes("iso8859-1"),"UTF-8");
		
		
		//1、获取数据
		//String username = request.getParameter("username");
		//System.out.println(username);
		//String password = request.getParameter("password");
		//.....

		//2、将散装的封装到javaBean
		//User user = new User();
		//user.setUsername(username);
		//user.setPassword(password);

		//使用BeanUtils进行自动映射封装
		//BeanUtils工作原理：将map中的数据 根据key与实体的属性的对应关系封装
		//只要key的名字与实体的属性 的名字一样 就自动封装到实体中
		Map<String, String[]> properties = request.getParameterMap();
		User user = new User();
		try {
			BeanUtils.populate(user, properties);
		} catch (IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

		//现在这个位置 user对象已经封装好了
		//手动封装uid----uuid---随机不重复的字符串32位--java代码生成后是36位
		user.setUid(UUID.randomUUID().toString());

		//3、将参数传递给一个业务操作方法
		try {
			regist(user);
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		//4、认为注册成功跳转到登录页面
		response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/login.jsp");
		

	}

	//注册的方法
	public void regist(User user) throws SQLException{
		//操作数据库
		QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(DataSourceUtils.getDataSource());
		String sql = "insert into user(username,password,name,email,telephone,birthday,sex,state,code) values(?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)";
		
		runner.update(sql,user.getUsername(),user.getPassword(),user.getName(),user.getEmail(),null,user.getBirthday(),user.getSex(),null,null);
	}

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(request, response);
	}



}

登录代码：

package com.ithiema.login;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;

import com.ithiema.register.User;
import com.ithiema.utils.DataSourceUtils;

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		
		//1、获得用户名和密码
		String username = request.getParameter("username");
		String password = request.getParameter("password");
		//2、调用一个业务方法进行该用户查询
		User login = null;
		try {
			login = login(username,password);
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		//3、通过user是否为null判断用户名和密码是否正确
		if(login!=null){
			//用户名和密码正确
			//登录成功 跳转到网站的首页
			response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath());
		}else{
			//用户名或密码错误
			//跳回当前login.jsp
			//使用转发 转发到login.jsp  向request域中存储错误信息
			request.setAttribute("loginInfo", "用户名或密码错误");
			request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
		}
		
	}
	
	public User login(String username,String password) throws SQLException{
		QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(DataSourceUtils.getDataSource());
		String sql = "select * from user where username=? and password=?";
		User user = runner.query(sql, new BeanHandler<User>(User.class), username,password);
		return user;
	}

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(request, response);
	}
}