python实现图片由RGB空间转成LAB空间
前言:
RGB转Lab颜色空间:
RGB颜色空间不能直接转换为Lab颜色空间,需要借助XYZ颜色空间,把RGB颜色空间转换到XYZ颜色空间,之后再把XYZ颜色空间转换到Lab颜色空间。
RGB与XYZ颜色空间有如下关系:
其中m如下:
XYZ到LAB的转换公式如下
X_(1,) Y_(1,) Z_(1,)分别是X,Y,X线性归一化之后的值,其中f(x)如下:
python实现:
import numpy as np
import cv2
# region 辅助函数
# RGB2XYZ空间的系数矩阵
M = np.array([[0.412453, 0.357580, 0.180423],
[0.212671, 0.715160, 0.072169],
[0.019334, 0.119193, 0.950227]])
# im_channel取值范围:[0,1]
def f(im_channel):
return np.power(im_channel, 1 / 3) if im_channel > 0.008856 else 7.787 * im_channel + 0.137931
def anti_f(im_channel):
return np.power(im_channel, 3) if im_channel > 0.206893 else (im_channel - 0.137931) / 7.787
# endregion
# region RGB 转 Lab
# 像素值RGB转XYZ空间,pixel格式:(B,G,R)
# 返回XYZ空间下的值
def __rgb2xyz__(pixel):
b, g, r = pixel[0], pixel[1], pixel[2]
rgb = np.array([r, g, b])
# rgb = rgb / 255.0
# RGB = np.array([gamma(c) for c in rgb])
XYZ = np.dot(M, rgb.T)
XYZ = XYZ / 255.0
return (XYZ[0] / 0.95047, XYZ[1] / 1.0, XYZ[2] / 1.08883)
def __xyz2lab__(xyz):
"""
XYZ空间转Lab空间
:param xyz: 像素xyz空间下的值
:return: 返回Lab空间下的值
"""
F_XYZ = [f(x) for x in xyz]
L = 116 * F_XYZ[1] - 16 if xyz[1] > 0.008856 else 903.3 * xyz[1]
a = 500 * (F_XYZ[0] - F_XYZ[1])
b = 200 * (F_XYZ[1] - F_XYZ[2])
return (L, a, b)
def RGB2Lab(pixel):
"""
RGB空间转Lab空间
:param pixel: RGB空间像素值,格式:[G,B,R]
:return: 返回Lab空间下的值
"""
xyz = __rgb2xyz__(pixel)
Lab = __xyz2lab__(xyz)
return Lab
if __name__ == '__main__':
img = cv2.imread(r'2020_94470.jpg')
w = img.shape[0]
h = img.shape[1]
img_new = np.zeros((w, h, 3))
lab = np.zeros((w, h, 3))
for i in range(w):
for j in range(h):
Lab = RGB2Lab(img[i, j])
lab[i, j] = (Lab[0], Lab[1], Lab[2])
cv2.imwrite(r'00000122_1.jpg', lab)