R语言的scale函数

scale()进行数组的标准化，先减去数据集的均值（中心化）再除以数据集的标准差（标准化）。

为了消除量纲对数据结构的影响。

输入：

x<-read.table("C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\R\\data.exam5.2.1.txt",header = TRUE)
std1.x<-scale(x[2:9]);std1.x

执行结果如下：

> std1.x<-scale(x[2:9]);std1.x
               x1           x2          x3
 [1,]  0.13774798  0.103406512  0.19521746
 [2,]  1.72088817  2.344698037  1.35836580
 [3,]  0.89085539  0.018444199  2.11317155
 [4,] -0.87828274 -0.211025441 -0.09165809
 [5,] -1.10796789  0.211025441  0.23704337
 [6,] -0.83580771  1.792466805  0.01676315
 [7,]  0.05553747 -0.012494458  0.48063857
 [8,] -0.81424291  0.508417334  0.54860018
 [9,] -1.06819604  0.005592757 -0.67642761
[10,]  3.16508751  1.474465006  2.08959214
[11,]  0.50222831 -0.143959952  0.36186002
[12,]  1.67061878  1.836923275  1.01410633
[13,] -0.15760133 -0.541688290 -0.38673134
[14,]  0.94771907 -0.378665365  1.42443224
[15,] -0.39006239 -0.500658871 -0.92213834
[16,] -0.40457226  1.037944352  0.39487120
[17,] -0.97817905  0.156383013 -0.62847545
[18,] -0.07080875  0.125396758 -0.35706976
[19,] -0.32791357 -0.012780045 -0.30144878
[20,]  1.86953864 -0.979113305  2.23419786
[21,] -0.14098225 -1.730589490 -0.59475909
[22,]  0.03912446 -2.700825781 -0.52432936
[23,]  0.19381162  0.718133832  0.13426356
[24,]  0.07969636 -0.335732029 -1.09177792
[25,] -0.47509729 -0.523458281 -0.96669683
[26,]  0.05810731 -0.764541818 -1.16758464
[27,]  0.39046468 -0.667204042 -1.36468211
[28,] -0.54633751 -0.523505879 -0.47033911
[29,] -0.83637744 -0.382615994 -0.74795918
[30,] -0.86179700 -0.579433452 -1.30483006
[31,] -0.91356950 -0.122826469 -0.12035006
[32,] -0.91363011  0.777821642 -0.