实现一个Date类

日期类是一种很常用的类，但是C++中没有封装，因此就要我们手动封装。

创建类一定要生成其默认的成员函数：构造函数，拷贝构造函数，运算符重载，析构函数

本文实现的日期类有以下功能：

  1.判断两个日期的大小关系

  2.日期加减天数

  3.日期加等减等天数

  4.日期的前置后置自加和自减

  5.两个日期相差天数

  6.输出日期

 

日期类的声明：

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<assert.h>

using namespace std;

class Date
{
public:
	//构造
	Date(int year = 2019, int month = 4, int day = 20)
	{
		if (year >= 0 && month > 0 && month < 13 && day>0 && day <= GetMonthDay(year, month))
		{
			_year = year;
			_month = month;
			_day = day;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "Invalid Date" << endl;
			assert(0);
		}
	}
	//拷贝构造
	Date(const Date& d)
	{
		_year = d._year;
		_month = d._month;
		_day = d._day;
	}
	//赋值运算符重载
	Date& operator=(const Date& d)
	{
		if (this != &d)//不是自己给自己赋值
		{
			_year = d._year;
			_month = d._month;
			_day = d._day;
		}
		return *this;
	}
	//析构
	~Date()
	{
		if (this)
		{
			_year = 0;
			_month = 0;
			_day = 0;
		}
	}

public:
	//获取月为month的天数
	inline int GetMonthDay(int year, int month);
	
	//重载比较类运算符
	bool operator>(const Date& d);
	bool operator<(const Date& d);
	bool operator>=(const Date& d);
	bool operator<=(const Date& d);
	bool operator==(const Date& d);
	bool operator!=(const Date& d);

	//重载加减运算符
	Date operator+(int day);
	Date& operator+=(int day);
	Date operator-(int day);
	Date& operator-=(int day);
	int operator-(const Date& d);//日期之差
	Date& operator++();//++d ==>d.operator(&d)
	Date& operator--();
	Date operator++(int);//d++ ==>d.operator(&d,0)
	Date operator--(int);

	void print();

	//重载输入输出流
	friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& _cout, const Date& d);
	friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& _cin, Date& d);
private:
	int _year;//年
	int _month;//月
	int _day;//日
};

日期类的定义：

#include"Date.h"
int Date::GetMonthDay(int year, int month)
{
	int monthDay[13] = { 0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };
	//闰年
	if (month == 2 && (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || year % 400 == 0)
		return 29;
	return monthDay[month];
}

//重载比较类运算符
bool Date::operator>(const Date& d)
{
	if(_year > d._year)
	{
		return true;
	}
	else if (_year == d._year)
	{
		if (_month > d._month)
			return true;
		else if (_month == d._month)
		{
			if (_day > d._day)
				return true;
			return false;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		return false;
	}

}
bool Date::operator<(const Date& d)
{
	return !(*this >= d);
}
bool Date::operator>=(const Date& d)
{
	return *this > d|| *this==d;
}
bool Date::operator<=(const Date& d)
{
	return !(*this > d);
}
bool Date::operator==(const Date& d)
{
	return _year == d._year
		&&_month == d._month
		&&_day == d._day;
}

//d1!=d2
bool Date::operator!=(const Date& d)
{
	return !(*this == d);
}

//2019/4/20+20
Date Date::operator+(int day)
{
	Date ret(*this);
	ret._day += day;
	while (ret._day > GetMonthDay(ret._year, ret._month))
	{
		ret._day -= GetMonthDay(ret._year, ret._month);
		++ret._month;
		if (ret._month == 13)
		{
			++ret._year;
			ret._month = 1;
		}
	}
	return ret;//不能传引用
}

//d1+=10
Date& Date::operator+=(int day)
{
	if (day < 0)
	{
		return (*this -= (-day));
	}
	_day += day;
	while (_day > GetMonthDay(_year, _month))
	{
		_day -= GetMonthDay(_year, _month);
		++_month;
		if (_month == 13)
		{
			++_year;
			_month = 1;
		}
	}
	return *this;
	//复用+
	/**this = *this + day;
	return *this;*/
}

//d1-10
Date Date::operator-(int day)
{
	Date ret(*this);
	ret -= day;
	return ret;
}

//2019/4/2-=10 
Date& Date::operator-=(int day)
{	
	if (day < 0)
		return *this += (-day);

	_day -= day;
	while (_day <= 0)
	{
		--_month;
		_day += GetMonthDay(_year, _month);//31-8
		if (_month == 0)
		{
			--_year;
			_month = 12;
		}
	}
	return *this;
}

//2019/4/2-2018/2/13日期之差
int Date::operator-(const Date& d)
{
	Date max = *this;
	Date min = d;
	int flag = 1;
	if (max < min)
	{
		flag = -1;
		max = d;
		min = *this;
	}
	int count = 0;
	while (min < max)
	{
		++count;
		++min;
	}
	return flag * count;
}

//前置++d ==>d.operator(&d)
Date& Date::operator++()
{
	*this += 1;
	return *this;
}

Date& Date::operator--()
{
	*this -= 1;
	return *this;
}

//后置d++ ==>d.operator(&d,0)
Date Date::operator++(int)
{
	Date ret(*this);
	*this += 1;
	return ret;
}

Date Date::operator--(int)
{
	Date ret(*this);
	*this -= 1;
	return ret;
}

void Date::print()
{
	cout << _year << "/" << _month << "/" << _day << endl;
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& _cout, const Date& d)
{
	_cout << d._year << "-" << d._month << "-" << d._day << endl;
	return _cout;
}
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& _cin, Date& d)
{
	_cin >> d._year;
	_cin >> d._month;
	_cin >> d._day;
	return _cin;
}