复习单例模式

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-12 15:34:08 发布

aa2184816

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-12 15:34:08 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/aa2184816/article/details/83524175

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基本的单例模式:

public class SingletonTest{
	private static SingletonTestinstance;

	private SingletonTest() {

	}

	public static SingletonTest getInstance() {
		if (instance == null) {
			instance = new SingletonTest();
		}

		return instance;

	}
}

调用

public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {

	SingletonTest singlonTest=SingletonTest.getInstance();
}

但是这样在多线程模式下可能出现多实例的现象，模拟一下

public class Main {
  static Set instanceSet =Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet()); 
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
   Thread threads[] = new Thread[1000] ;
  for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
  threads[i] = new MyThread();

  }
  for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
   threads[i].start();
 //  System.out.println(threads[i].getName());
  }
  long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
  System.out.println("耗时：" + (end - start) + "ms");
  System.out.println(instanceSet.size());
  for(Iterator i=instanceSet.iterator();i.hasNext();){
   System.out.println(i.next());
  }
 }
}

class MyThread extends Thread {
 public void run() {
  SingletonTest a = SingletonTest.getInstance();

  Main.instanceSet.add(a);

}
}

观察输出可以看到产生了多个实例。

防止这种多线程产生多实例的方法有：

1.方法前加 synchronized

public class SingletonTest{
	private static SingletonTest instance;

	private SingletonTest() {
		System.out.println("create instance");
	}

	public static synchronized SingletonTest getInstance() {
		if (instance == null) {
			instance = new SingletonTest();

		}

		return instance;

	}
}

这种效率较低只能同时有一个线程调用getInstance 其实真正只要在 instance=new SingletonTest()同步。

2.在产生实例的地方加同步

public class SingletonTest {
	private static SingletonTest instance = null;

	private SingletonTest() {
		System.out.println("create instance");
	}

	public static SingletonTest getInstance() {
		if(instance==null){             
			synchronized(SingletonTest.class){
			instance=new SingletonTest();
			
			}
		}
		return instance;

	}
}

这样处理有多线程时还是会产生多个实例

3.双重锁

public class SingletonTest {
	private static SingletonTest instance = null;

	private SingletonTest() {
		System.out.println("create instance");
	}

	public static SingletonTest getInstance() {
		if(instance==null){
			synchronized(SingletonTest.class){
				if(instance==null){
					instance=new SingletonTest();
				}
			}
		}
		return instance;

	}
}

这也不是完美无缺的，在java的内存模型里有可能出现多个实例

instance = new Singleton();java代码的过程可解释如下 3个步骤

1  mem = allocate();          //Allocate memory for Singleton object. % z$ S, _' s. D% A
2  instance = mem;             //Note that instance is now non-null, but
                      //has not been initialized. * X% ]1 @( c+ T4 H" ~, I
3  ctorSingleton(instance);    //Invoke constructor for Singleton passing instance. ! Z( m

Thread 1 enters the getInstance() method.
Thread 1 enters the synchronized block at //1 because instance is null.
Thread 1 proceeds to //3 and makes instance non-null, but before the constructor executes.
Thread 1 is preempted by thread 2.
Thread 2 checks to see if instance is null. Because it is not, thread 2 returns the instance reference to a fully constructed, but partially initialized, Singleton object.
Thread 2 is preempted by thread 1.
Thread 1 completes the initialization of the Singleton object by running its constructor and returns a reference to it.

4.早期初始化

public class SingletonTest{
	private static SingletonTest instance = new SingletonTest();

	private SingletonTest() {
		System.out.println("create instance");
	}

	public static SingletonTest getInstance() {

		return instance;

	}
}

参考：http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/j-dcl.html?S_TACT=105AGX52&S_CMP=cn-a-j