最小生成树—M - Jungle Roads

The Head Elder of the tropical island of Lagrishan has a problem. A burst of foreign aid money was spent on extra roads between villages some years ago. But the jungle overtakes roads relentlessly, so the large road network is too expensive to maintain. The Council of Elders must choose to stop maintaining some roads. The map above on the left shows all the roads in use now and the cost in aacms per month to maintain them. Of course there needs to be some way to get between all the villages on maintained roads, even if the route is not as short as before. The Chief Elder would like to tell the Council of Elders what would be the smallest amount they could spend in aacms per month to maintain roads that would connect all the villages. The villages are labeled A through I in the maps above. The map on the right shows the roads that could be maintained most cheaply, for 216 aacms per month. Your task is to write a program that will solve such problems.

The input consists of one to 100 data sets, followed by a final line containing only 0. Each data set starts with a line containing only a number n, which is the number of villages, 1 < n < 27, and the villages are labeled with the first n letters of the alphabet, capitalized. Each data set is completed with n-1 lines that start with village labels in alphabetical order. There is no line for the last village. Each line for a village starts with the village label followed by a number, k, of roads from this village to villages with labels later in the alphabet. If k is greater than 0, the line continues with data for each of the k roads. The data for each road is the village label for the other end of the road followed by the monthly maintenance cost in aacms for the road. Maintenance costs will be positive integers less than 100. All data fields in the row are separated by single blanks. The road network will always allow travel between all the villages. The network will never have more than 75 roads. No village will have more than 15 roads going to other villages (before or after in the alphabet). In the sample input below, the first data set goes with the map above.

The output is one integer per line for each data set: the minimum cost in aacms per month to maintain a road system that connect all the villages. Caution: A brute force solution that examines every possible set of roads will not finish within the one minute time limit.
Input
9
A 2 B 12 I 25
B 3 C 10 H 40 I 8
C 2 D 18 G 55
D 1 E 44
E 2 F 60 G 38
F 0
G 1 H 35
H 1 I 35
3
A 2 B 10 C 40
B 1 C 20
0
Output
216
30
思路：本题最核心的还是构图，由于输入的村庄用字母代替这就需要在构图中将字母替换成数字依次给每个村庄编号。需要注意的是由于输入的有字符型数据，这就要加一些getchar()来吸收掉中间的换行空格啥的。初始化father[]数组一定要注意，把所有的村庄都初始化就行了。

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
int father[30];

struct city
{
    int a,b;
    int cost;
} p[10010];

bool cmp(city a,city b)
{
    return a.cost<b.cost;
}

int findfather(int x)
{
    if(father[x]==x)
        return x;
    return father[x]=findfather(father[x]);
}

int main()
{
    int n;
    while(~scanf("%d",&n)&&n)
    {
        getchar();
        char c[5];
        int k,cnt=0,sum=0,ans=0;

        for(int i=0; i<=27; i++)//初始化father数组。
        {
            father[i]=i;
        }

        for(int i=0; i<n-1; i++)//输入数据，并构图。
        {
            scanf("%s %d",c,&k);
            int u=c[0]-'A';
            for(int j=0; j<k; j++)
            {
                int b;
                scanf("%s %d",c,&b);
                int v=c[0]-'A';
                p[cnt].a=u;//将字母编号转化为数字编号并存入结构体数组中。
                p[cnt].b=v;
                p[cnt++].cost=b;
            }
        }

        sort(p,p+cnt,cmp);
        for(int i=0; i<cnt;i++)//构图完成，进入Krusal。
        {
            int x = findfather(p[i].a);
            int y = findfather(p[i].b);
            if (x != y)
            {
                father[x] = y;
                ans += p[i].cost;
                sum++;
                if(sum==n-1)
                    break;
            }
        }
        printf("%d\n",ans);
    }
    return 0;
}