ffmpeg在ubuntu11.10下编译avcodec_sample.c例子

   

         配置为ubuntu11.10，ffmpeg版本为0.8.3。

        由于ffmpeg官网上的avcodec_sample.c例子好多年没人更新过了，现在ffmpge己更新了好多，编译出来N多函数找不到，错误百出，结果在以下网站找到2009年有人更新过这个例子（google上搜avcodec_sample可搜到）：

http://www.google.com.hk/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBoQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.me.com%2Fdhoerl%2FHome%2FTech_Blog%2FEntries%2F2009%2F1%2F22_Revised_avcodec_sample.c_files%2Favcodec_sample.0.5.0.c&rct=j&q=avcodec_sample&ei=bppwTubbLeioiAeypvWgBg&usg=AFQjCNGzwZJZbXQR76ugoiLMInowNcdYug&cad=rjt

注意事项：

1．用g++编译，需要对使用的ffmpeg文件进用extern "C"处理;

2．用g++编译，需要加上对UINT64_C的宏定义;

3．链接时要注意链接顺序，不然会出错，一般顺序为：-lavformat -lavcodec -lavutil -lswscale -lz -lm -lpthread

============================================================================

                                           略改2009年的版本例子，即可编译通过，例子如下

============================================================================

// avcodec_sample.0.5.0.c

// A small sample program that shows how to use libavformat and libavcodec to
// read video from a file.
//
// This version is for the 0.4.9+ release of ffmpeg. This release adds the
// av_read_frame() API call, which simplifies the reading of video frames
// considerably.
//
// Use
//
// gcc -o avcodec_sample.0.5.0 avcodec_sample.0.5.0.c -lavformat -lavcodec -lavutil -lswscale -lz -lbz2
//
// to build (assuming libavformat, libavcodec, libavutil, and swscale are correctly installed on
// your system).
//
// Run using
//
// avcodec_sample.0.5.0 myvideofile.mpg
//
// to write the first five frames from "myvideofile.mpg" to disk in PPM
// format.

#define UINT64_C uint64_t

extern "C"
{
#include "libavcodec/avcodec.h"
#include "libavformat/avformat.h"
#include "libswscale/swscale.h"
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

static void SaveFrame(AVFrame *pFrame, int width, int height, int iFrame);

int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx;
    unsigned int i;
    int videoStream;
    AVCodecContext *pCodecCtx;
    AVCodec *pCodec;
    AVFrame *pFrame;
    AVFrame *pFrameRGB;
    AVPacket packet;
    int frameFinished;
    int numBytes;
    uint8_t *buffer;

    // Register all formats and codecs
    av_register_all();

    // Open video file
    if (avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx, argv[1], NULL, NULL) != 0)
    {
        return -1; // Couldn't open file
    }

    // Retrieve stream information
    if (av_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx) < 0)
    {
        return -1; // Couldn't find stream information
    }

    // Dump information about file onto standard error
    av_dump_format(pFormatCtx, 0, argv[1], false);

    // Find the first video stream
    videoStream = -1;
    for (i = 0; i < pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i++)
    {
        if (pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
        {
            videoStream = i;
            break;
        }
    }
    if (-1 == videoStream)
    {
        return -1; // Didn't find a video stream
    }

    // Get a pointer to the codec context for the video stream
    pCodecCtx = pFormatCtx->streams[videoStream]->codec;

    // Find the decoder for the video stream
    pCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id);
    if (NULL == pCodec)
    {
        return -1; // Codec not found
    }

    // Open codec
    if (avcodec_open(pCodecCtx, pCodec) < 0)
    {
        return -1; // Could not open codec
    }

    // Hack to correct wrong frame rates that seem to be generated by some codecs
    if (pCodecCtx->time_base.num > 1000 && pCodecCtx->time_base.den == 1)
    {
        pCodecCtx->time_base.den = 1000;
    }

    // Allocate video frame
    pFrame = avcodec_alloc_frame();

    // Allocate an AVFrame structure
    pFrameRGB = avcodec_alloc_frame();
    if (pFrameRGB == NULL)
    {
        return -1;
    }

    // Determine required buffer size and allocate buffer
    numBytes = avpicture_get_size(PIX_FMT_RGB24, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);

    buffer = (uint8_t *) malloc(numBytes);

    // Assign appropriate parts of buffer to image planes in pFrameRGB
    avpicture_fill((AVPicture *) pFrameRGB, buffer, PIX_FMT_RGB24,
            pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);

    // Read frames and save first five frames to disk
    i = 0;
    while (av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, &packet) >= 0)
    {
        // Is this a packet from the video stream?
        if (packet.stream_index == videoStream)
        {
            // Decode video frame
            avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, &frameFinished, &packet);

            // Did we get a video frame?
            if (frameFinished)
            {
                static struct SwsContext *img_convert_ctx;

#if 0
                // Older removed code
                // Convert the image from its native format to RGB swscale
                img_convert((AVPicture *)pFrameRGB, PIX_FMT_RGB24,
                        (AVPicture*)pFrame, pCodecCtx->pix_fmt, pCodecCtx->width,
                        pCodecCtx->height);

                // function template, for reference
                int sws_scale(struct SwsContext *context, uint8_t* src[], int srcStride[], int srcSliceY,
                        int srcSliceH, uint8_t* dst[], int dstStride[]);
#endif
                // Convert the image into YUV format that SDL uses
                if (img_convert_ctx == NULL)
                {
                    int w = pCodecCtx->width;
                    int h = pCodecCtx->height;

                    img_convert_ctx = sws_getContext(w, h, pCodecCtx->pix_fmt,
                            w, h, PIX_FMT_RGB24, SWS_BICUBIC, NULL, NULL, NULL);
                    if (img_convert_ctx == NULL)
                    {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot initialize the conversion context!\n");
                        exit(1);
                    }
                }
                int ret = sws_scale(img_convert_ctx, pFrame->data,
                                    pFrame->linesize, 0, pCodecCtx->height,
                                    pFrameRGB->data, pFrameRGB->linesize);
#if 0 // this use to be true, as of 1/2009, but apparently it is no longer true in 3/2009
                if(ret)
                {
                    fprintf(stderr, "SWS_Scale failed [%d]!\n", ret);
                    exit(-1);
                }
#endif
                // Save the frame to disk
                if (i++ >= 8000)
                    SaveFrame(pFrameRGB, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, i);
            }
        }

        // Free the packet that was allocated by av_read_frame
        av_free_packet(&packet);
    }

    // Free the RGB image
    free(buffer);
    av_free(pFrameRGB);

    // Free the YUV frame
    av_free(pFrame);

    // Close the codec
    avcodec_close(pCodecCtx);

    // Close the video file
    av_close_input_file(pFormatCtx);

    return 0;
}

static void SaveFrame(AVFrame *pFrame, int width, int height, int iFrame)
{
    FILE *pFile;
    char szFilename[32];
    int y;

    // Open file
    sprintf(szFilename, "frame%d.ppm", iFrame);
    pFile = fopen(szFilename, "wb");
    if (pFile == NULL)
    {
        return;
    }

    // Write header
    fprintf(pFile, "P6\n%d %d\n255\n", width, height);

    // Write pixel data
    for (y = 0; y < height; y++)
    {
        fwrite(pFrame->data[0] + y * pFrame->linesize[0], 1, width * 3, pFile);
    }

    // Close file
    fclose(pFile);
}