HTTP（Request）

2 HTTP(请求消息)

2.1 概念

2.2 请求消息数据格式

1、请求行

​ 请求方式 请求url 请求协议/版本

​ POST /myfirstweb_war_exploded/demo2 HTTP/1.1

2、请求头：浏览器告诉服务器一些信息

​ 请求头名称：请求头值

​ Host: localhost:8088

​ …

• 常见的请求头：

1、User-Agent：浏览器告诉服务器，访问的浏览器的版本信息

2、referer：告诉服务器，我（当前请求）从哪里来

3、请求空行：分割post请求的请求头和请求体

​ 空行

4、请求体：封装post请求消息的请求参数

​ username=zhangsan

**注：**get方式没有请求体

• 字符串格式

POST /myfirstweb_war_exploded/demo2 HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8088
Connection: keep-alive
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.105 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
Sec-Fetch-Site: none
Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate
Sec-Fetch-User: ?1
Sec-Fetch-Dest: document
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
Cookie: JSESSIONID=FEBD6BB7572B1617880FCAA31945D11B; Idea-1d85ba42=ef467e86-8eec-484f-a3d4-344ba31f2115

username=zhangsan

3 Requst

3.1 request对象和response对象的原理

3.2 request对象继承体系结构

ServletRequest ——>接口

​ | 继承

HttpServletRequest ——>接口

​ | 实现

org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade ——>类

3.2 request对象的功能

3.2.1获取请求消息数据

3.2.1.1 获取请求行数据

GET /myfirstweb_war_exploded/demo2?name=zhangsan HTTP/1.1

• 获取请求方式：GET ——> String getMethod()
• 获取虚拟目录：/myfirstweb_war_exploded ——> String getContextPath()(掌握)
• 获取Servlet路径：/demo2 ——> String getServletPath()
• 获取get方式的请求参数：name=zhangsan ——> String getQueryString()
• 获取请求的URI：/myfirstweb_war_exploded/demo2 ——> String getStringURI()(掌握)

​ http://localhost/myfirstweb_war_exploded/demo2 ——> StringBuffer getStringURL()

• 获取协议及版本：HTTP/1.1 ——> String getProtocol()
• 获取客户机的IP地址 ——> String getRemoteAddr()

@WebServlet("/requestDemo1")
public class RequestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
   
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
   

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
        //1. 获取请求方式 ：GET
        String method = request.getMethod();
        System.out.println(method);
        //2.(*)获取虚拟目录：/day14
        String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
        System.out.println(contextPath);
        //3. 获取Servlet路径: /demo1
        String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
        System.out.println(servletPath);
        //4. 获取get方式请求参数：name=zhangsan
        String queryString = request.getQueryString();
        System.out.println(queryString);
        //5.(*)获取请求URI：/day14/demo1
        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
        StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
        System.out.println(requestURI);
        System.out.println(requestURL);
        //6. 获取协议及版本：HTTP/1.1
        String protocol = request.getProtocol();
        System.out.println(protocol);
        //7. 获取客户机的IP地址：
        String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
        System.out.println(remoteAddr);
    }
}

3.2.1.2 获取请求头数据

(掌握)

• 常见的请求头：

1、User-Agent：浏览器告诉服务器，访问的浏览器的版本信息

2、referer：告诉服务器，我（当前请求）从哪里来

方法：

• String getHeader(String name): 通过请求头名称获取请求头的值
• Enumeration<String> getHeaderNames(): 获取所有的请求头名称

@WebServlet("/requestDemo2")
public class RequestDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
   
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
   

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
        
        //1.获取所有请求头名称
        Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
        //2.遍历
        while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
   
            String name = headerNames.nextElement();
            //根据名称获取请求头的值
            String value = request.getHeader(name);
            System.out.println(name+"---"+value);
        }

    }
}

User-Agent：浏览器告诉服务器，访问的浏览器的版本信息

@WebServlet("/requestDemo3")
public class RequestDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
   
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
   

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
        //演示获取请求头数据:user-agent

        String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
        //判断agent的浏览器版本
        if(agent.contains("Chrome")){
   
            //谷歌
            System.out.println("谷歌来了...");
        }else if(agent.contains("Firefox")){
   
            //火狐
            System.out.println("火狐来了...");
        }

    }
}

referer：告诉服务器，我（当前请求）从哪里来

得从其它界面跳转，而不是直接输入URL跳转

@WebServlet("/requestDemo4")
public class RequestDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
   
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
   

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
   <