【菜鸟教程】Python 100例编程题--适合新手（3）

python 3.7 及jupyter notebook实现菜鸟教程100例习题40-60，共20道常用例题

41、题目：模仿静态变量的用法。

def varfun():
    var = 0
    print('var = %d'%var)
    var += 1
if __name__ == '__main__':
    for i in range(3):
        varfun()
        
class Static:
    StaticVar = 5
    def varfun(self):
        self.StaticVar += 1
        print(self.StaticVar)
#输出StaticVar=5        
print(Static.StaticVar)

a = Static()
for i in range(3):
    a.varfun()

42、题目：学习使用auto定义变量的用法。

num = 2
def autofunc():
    num = 1
    print('internal block num = %d'%num)
    num += 1#此句不执行
    
for i in range(3):
    print('the num = %d'%num)
    num += 1
    autofunc()

43、题目：模仿静态变量(static)另一案例。

class Num:
    nNum = 1
    def inc(self):
        self.nNum += 1
        print('nNum = %d'%self.nNum)
        
if __name__ == '__main__':
    nNum = 2   
    inst = Num()#调用Num类
    for i in range(4):
        nNum += 1
        print('The num = %d'%nNum)
        inst.inc()#调用类里面的Inc函数

44、两个 3 行 3 列的矩阵，实现其对应位置的数据相加，并返回一个新矩阵：

x = [
    [1,2,3],
    [2,4,5],
    [2,6,5]
]
y = [
    [2,3,4],
    [1,3,4],
    [5,6,7]
]

for i in range(3):
    for j in range(3):
        x[i][j] += y[i][j]
print(x)

45、题目：统计 1 到 100 之和。

sum =0
for i in range(1,101):
    sum += i
print(sum)

46、题目：求输入数字的平方，如果平方运算后小于 50 则退出。

num = int(input('请输入一个数字：'))
num = num ** 2
flag = 1
while flag:
    if num < 50:
        flag = 0
        print(num)
    else:
        flag =1

47、题目：两个变量值互换。

a = 5
b = 8
a,b = b,a
print('a = ',a)
print('b = ',b)

48、题目：数字比较。

a = 10
b = 20
if a>b:
    print('%d大于%d'%(a,b))
elif a == b:
    print('%d等于%d'%(a,b))
elif a < b:
    print('%d小于%d'%(a,b))

49、题目：使用lambda来创建匿名函数。

#lambda 函数 x,y表示两个未知量，冒号后面为表达式
maxmum = lambda x,y: (x > y)*x +(x < y)*y
minmum = lambda x,y:(x > y)* y+(x < y)*x

if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = 10
    b = 20
    print('the larger one is %d'%maxmum(a,b))
    print('the lower one is %d'%minmum(a,b))

50、题目：输出一个随机数。

import random

a = random.uniform(1,5)#随机生成指定范围内的浮点数
b = random.random()#随机生成0-1之间的浮点数
c = random.randint(2,8)#随机生成指定范围内的整型
print(a,b,c)

51、题目：学习使用按位与 & 。

#3(11) 2(10) 5(101)
a = 3   
b = a &2 
c = b &5
print(b,c)

52、题目：学习使用按位或 |

a = 5
b = a|3
c |= 5
print(b,c)

53、题目：学习使用按位异或 ^ 。

a = 8
b = a^2
c ^= 3
print(b,c)

54、题目：取一个整数a从右端开始的4〜7位。

a = int(input('请输入一个数字:'))
b = a >> 4
c = ~(~0 << 4)
d = b&c
print(d)

55、题目：学习使用按位取反~。

a = int(input('请输入一个数字：'))
b = ~a
print(b)

56、题目：画图，学用circle画圆形。

python 3版本之后的Tkinter 库为小写

if __name__ == '__main__':
    from tkinter import *
 
    canvas = Canvas(width=800, height=600, bg='yellow')  
    canvas.pack(expand=YES, fill=BOTH)                
    k = 1
    j = 1
    for i in range(0,26):
        canvas.create_oval(310 - k,250 - k,310 + k,250 + k, width=1)
        k += j
        j += 0.3
 
    mainloop()

57、题目：画图，学用line画直线。

if __name__ == '__main__':
    from tkinter import *
 
    canvas = Canvas(width=300, height=300, bg='green')   
    canvas.pack(expand=YES, fill=BOTH)                  
    x0 = 263
    y0 = 263
    y1 = 275
    x1 = 275
    for i in range(19):
        canvas.create_line(x0,y0,x0,y1, width=1, fill='red')
        x0 = x0 - 5
        y0 = y0 - 5
        x1 = x1 + 5
        y1 = y1 + 5
 
    x0 = 263
    y1 = 275
    y0 = 263
    for i in range(21):
        canvas.create_line(x0,y0,x0,y1,fill = 'red')
        x0 += 5
        y0 += 5
        y1 += 5
 
    mainloop()

58、题目：画图，学用rectangle画方形。

if __name__ == '__main__':
    from tkinter import *
    root = Tk()
    root.title('Canvas')
    canvas = Canvas(root,width = 400,height = 400,bg = 'yellow')
    x0 = 263
    y0 = 263
    y1 = 275
    x1 = 275
    for i in range(19):
        canvas.create_rectangle(x0,y0,x1,y1)
        x0 -= 5
        y0 -= 5
        x1 += 5
        y1 += 5
        
    canvas.pack()
    root.mainloop()

59、题目：画图，综合例子。

if __name__  == '__main__':
    from tkinter import *
    canvas = Canvas(width = 300,height = 300,bg = 'green')
    canvas.pack(expand = YES,fill = BOTH)
    x0 = 150
    y0 = 100
    canvas.create_oval(x0 - 10,y0 - 10,x0 + 10,y0 + 10)
    canvas.create_oval(x0 - 20,y0 - 20,x0 + 20,y0 + 20)
    canvas.create_oval(x0 - 50,y0 - 50,x0 + 50,y0 + 50)
    import math
    B = 0.809
    for i in range(16):
        a = 2 * math.pi / 16 * i
        x = math.ceil(x0 + 48 * math.cos(a))
        y = math.ceil(y0 + 48 * math.sin(a) * B)
        canvas.create_line(x0,y0,x,y,fill = 'red')
    canvas.create_oval(x0 - 60,y0 - 60,x0 + 60,y0 + 60)
    

    for k in range(501):
        for i in range(17):
            a = (2 * math.pi / 16) * i + (2 * math.pi / 180) * k
            x = math.ceil(x0 + 48 * math.cos(a))
            y = math.ceil(y0 + 48 + math.sin(a) * B)
            canvas.create_line(x0,y0,x,y,fill = 'red')
        for j in range(51):
            a = (2 * math.pi / 16) * i + (2* math.pi / 180) * k - 1
            x = math.ceil(x0 + 48 * math.cos(a))
            y = math.ceil(y0 + 48 * math.sin(a) * B)
            canvas.create_line(x0,y0,x,y,fill = 'red')
    mainloop()

60、题目：计算字符串长度。

string = 'tom','peter','alice','pam','pamile'
print(len(string))