HDU 5307 He is Flying（巧妙的构造+FFT）

题目描述

传送门

题目大意：一个非负整数组成的数列，记其前缀和为S。对于一段子区间，它对其部分和的贡献为其区间长度。问对于从0到Sn的部分和，其得到的总价值。

0 <=S<=50000
1<=n<=100000
T=5

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思路

根据贡献放系数，位置为指数的套路，我们要想要构造出的答案为：

$$(i-j+1)^{s_i-s_{j-1}}$$

我们要构造生成函数来算出它，反正我是想不到的了，需要构造4个生成函数，然后将它们两两相乘（卷积），再相减，就像这样：

$$(\sum i x^{s_i})(\sum x^{-s_{i-1}})-(\sum x^{s_i})(\sum (i-1)x^{-s_{i-1}})$$

其中$1\leq i\leq n$，相乘与相减的皆是多项式。怎么样，聪明的你想到了吗？

然后FFT大力卷积即可，我们对负指数加上一个偏移量（Sn），由于无负数，所以算出来的1~Sn的结果不重不漏，但是0的话会算错（目测会少），因为i到j的区间的贡献正反抵消了，然后…不管了！

总之0要O(n)单独算，这里我居然算错了几次！？

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代码

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define maxn 100010

using namespace std;

typedef long long LL;
typedef long double LD;

const LD PI = acos(-1.0);
int T, n, N, a[maxn], S[maxn], rev[maxn<<2];

struct Complex{
    LD real, image;
    Complex() {}
    Complex(LD _real, LD _image){
        real = _real;  image = _image;
    }
    friend Complex operator + (Complex A, Complex B){
        return Complex(A.real + B.real, A.image + B.image);
    }
    friend Complex operator - (Complex A, Complex B){
        return Complex(A.real - B.real, A.image - B.image);
    }
    friend Complex operator * (Complex A, Complex B){
        return Complex(A.real * B.real - A.image * B.image, A.image * B.real + A.real * B.image);
    }
}f[maxn<<2], g[maxn<<2], h[maxn<<2];

void Init(int x){
    int L = 0;
    for(N = 1; N <= x; N <<= 1, L++);
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)  rev[i] = (rev[i>>1]>>1) | ((i&1)<<(L-1));
}

void FFT(Complex *A, int DFT){
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)  if(i < rev[i])  swap(A[i], A[rev[i]]);
    for(int s = 1; (1<<s) <= N; s++){
        int m = 1 << s;
        Complex wn(cos(DFT*2*PI/m), sin(DFT*2*PI/m));
        for(int k = 0; k < N; k += m){
            Complex w(1, 0);
            for(int j = 0; j < (m>>1); j++){
                Complex u = A[k+j], t = w * A[k+j+(m>>1)];
                A[k+j] = u + t;
                A[k+j+(m>>1)] = u - t;
                w = w * wn;
            }
        }
    }
    if(DFT == -1)  for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)  A[i].real /= N;
}

int main(){

    scanf("%d", &T);

    while(T --){

        scanf("%d", &n);
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)  scanf("%d", &a[i]);

        S[0] = 0;
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)  S[i] = S[i-1] + a[i];

        Init(S[n] + S[n]);

        for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)  f[i] = g[i] = h[i] = Complex(0, 0);

        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
            f[S[i]].real += 1.0 * i;
            g[S[n]-S[i-1]].real += 1.0;
        }

        FFT(f, 1);
        FFT(g, 1);

        for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)  f[i] = f[i] * g[i], g[i] = Complex(0, 0);

        FFT(f, -1);

        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
            g[S[i]].real += 1.0;
            h[S[n]-S[i-1]].real += 1.0 * (i-1);
        }

        FFT(g, 1);
        FFT(h, 1);

        for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)  g[i] = g[i] * h[i];

        FFT(g, -1);

        int cnt = 0;
        LL sum = 0;

        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
            if(!a[i])  cnt ++;
            if(a[i] || i == n){
                sum += 1LL * cnt * (cnt+1) * (cnt+2) / 6;
                cnt = 0;
            }
        }

        for(int i = S[n]; i <= S[n]+S[n]; i++){
            if(i == S[n])  printf("%I64d\n", sum);
            else  printf("%I64d\n", (LL)(f[i].real - g[i].real + .5));
        }
    }    

    return 0;
} 

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