b站狂胜笔记3-javaWeb-Servle

123小步

已于 2022-03-18 13:58:57 修改

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文章标签： java java-ee 服务器

于 2022-03-18 13:32:33 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/abc98526/article/details/123499863

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6.5getServletContext

1.getServletContext具有共享的特性:

2.获取初始化参数

3.请求转发

4.读取资源文件

6.6HttpServletResponse

6.7HttpServletRequest

获取前端发送来的数据:

6.5getServletContext

1.getServletContext具有共享的特性:

package com.tang.Servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String user = (String) servletContext.getAttribute("User");

        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("GBK");
        resp.getWriter().println("名字"+user);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

 <!-- 注册 和 路径-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.tang.Servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/getc</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

2.获取初始化参数

  <!-- 配置web应用初始化参数 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>url</param-name>
        <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</param-value>
    </context-param>

package com.tang.Servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String url = servletContext.getInitParameter("url");
        resp.getWriter().println(url);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

3.请求转发

package com.tang.Servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class test1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("GBK");
        System.out.println("经过了test1");
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        servletContext.getRequestDispatcher("/hello").forward(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

4.读取资源文件

Properties

在java目录下新建properties
在resources目录下properties

发现:都被打包到同一个路径下,classes，我们俗称这个路径为classpath;

思路:使用一个文件流进行操作文件

user=root
password=123456

package com.tang.Servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class Servlet01 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //两种读取文件的方式
        //InputStream resourceAsStream = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("db.properties");
        InputStream resourceAsStream = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(resourceAsStream);
        String user = properties.getProperty("user");
        String password = properties.getProperty("password");
        resp.getWriter().println(user+":"+password);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

6.6HttpServletResponse

web服务器接收到客户端http的请求,针对这个请求,分别创建代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象和代表响应的HttpServletResponse对象：

如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数找:HttpServletRequest
如果需要给客户端响应一些信息:找HttpServletRequest

1.简单分类

负责向浏览器发送数据的方法:

ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;
PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;

负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法:

void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);

void setContentLength(int var1);

void setContentLengthLong(long var1);

void setContentType(String var1);

响应的状态码:

    int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
    int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
    int SC_OK = 200;
    int SC_CREATED = 201;
    int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
    int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
    int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
    int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
    int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
    int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
    int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
    int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
    int SC_FOUND = 302;
    int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
    int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
    int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
    int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
    int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
    int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
    int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
    int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
    int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
    int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
    int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
    int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
    int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
    int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
    int SC_GONE = 410;
    int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
    int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
    int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
    int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
    int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
    int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
    int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
    int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
    int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
    int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
    int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
    int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
    int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;

2.常见应用

1.向浏览器输出消息

2.下载文件

1.要获取下载的路径

2.下载的文件名称是什么

3.想办法让浏览器支持下载的文件

4.获取下载文件输入流

5.创建缓冲区

6.获取OutputStream

7.将FileOutputStram写入到缓冲区

8.使用OutputStram将缓冲区数据输入到客户端

下载文件:

package com.tang.Servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

public class test2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1. 要获取下载的路径
        String realPath = getServletContext().getRealPath("\\汤.png");
        System.out.println("下载文件路径:"+realPath);
        //2. 下载的文件名称是什么
        String filename = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);
        //3. 想办法让浏览器支持(Content-disposition)下载的文件,设置响应头
        resp.setHeader("Content-disposition","attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(filename,"UTF-8"));//这里的标点符号是;由于可能文件夹名不一所以需要设置编码URLEncoder.encode(filename,"UTF-8")
        System.out.println("文件名："+filename);
        resp.setContentType("application/octet-stream; charset=utf-8");
        //4. 获取下载文件输入流
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        //5. 创建缓冲区
        int len=0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        //6. 获取OutputStream
        ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
        //7. 将FileOutputStram写入到缓冲区,使用OutputStram将缓冲区数据输入到客户端
        while ((len=fileInputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
            outputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        fileInputStream.close();
        outputStream.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

3.验证码功能

验证码怎么来的:

前端实现
后端实现:需要用到一个java图片类,生成图片

package com.tang.Servlet;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.UUID;

public class imgServlet extends HttpServlet {
    //随机数的方法,实现了一个七位数的固定填充的字符串
    private String random(){
        Random random = new Random();
        String sj = random.nextInt(9999999)+"";
        StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < 7-sj.length(); i++) {
            stringBuilder.append(0);
        }
        String s = stringBuilder.toString()+sj;
        return s;
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //如何让浏览器三秒刷新一次
        resp.setHeader("refresh", "3");
        //在内存中创建一个图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(200,100,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //得到图片
        Graphics2D graphics = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();//获得2D的画笔
        graphics.setColor(Color.CYAN);//给画笔换颜色
        //设置图片的背景颜色
        graphics.fillRect(0,0,3000,3000);
        graphics.setColor(Color.ORANGE);
        graphics.fill3DRect(50,50,300,300,true);//填充一个3D矩形
        //给图片写数据
        graphics.setColor(Color.GRAY);
        graphics.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,30));
        graphics.drawString(random(),0,20);
        resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");//设置浏览器内容

        //网站存在缓存,不让浏览器缓存
        resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");

        //将图片写入浏览器
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

4.实现重定向

一个web程序收到客户端A请求后,会通知客户端A去访问一个web程序,这个过程叫做重定向

常见常见:

用户登录

 void sendRedirect(String var1) throws IOException;

测试:

@Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        resp.setHeader("Location","/Servle_war_exploded/test3");
//        resp.setStatus(302);
        resp.sendRedirect("/Servle_war_exploded/test3");//重定向

    }

面试题:请你聊聊重定向和转发的区别:

相同点

页面都会跳转

不同点

请求跳转的时候，url不会发生编号
重定向的时候url地址栏会发生变化

链接前端页面:

<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
</head>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>

<%-- 这里表示action表示当前目录寻找到项目 --%>
<%-- 代表当前项目${pageContext.request.contextPath}代表当前的项目 --%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/request" method="get">
    用户名:<input type="text" name="userName">
    密&emsp;码:<input type="password" name="userPassword">
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</form>
</body>
</html>

package com.tang.Servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class RedirectServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        resp.setHeader("Location","/Servle_war_exploded/test3");
//        resp.setStatus(302);
        resp.sendRedirect("/Servle_war_exploded/test3");//重定向

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

6.7HttpServletRequest

HttpServletRequest代表了客户端请求，用户通过http请求访问服务器！http中的所有信息会被封装到HttpServletRequest，通过这个HttpServletRequest获得客户端的所有信息

获取前端发送来的数据:

package com.tang.Servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class LoginServlets extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().println("抱歉未输出到doGet请求...");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        System.out.println(name);
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println(password);
        String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
        for (String hobby : hobbies) {
            System.out.println(hobby);
        }

        //通过请求转发
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/test.jsp").forward(req,resp);
    }
}

123小步

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b站狂胜笔记3-javaWeb-Servle

6.5getServletContext 1.getServletContext具有共享的特性:package com.tang.Servlet;import javax.servlet.ServletContext;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.s.
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