动态路由和动态参数捕获
动态路由:url支持正则表达式, 访问的url能够匹配成功就去执行对应的视图函数
捕获参数:
# 捕获参数,位置传参
url(r'^data/([0-9]{4})/([0-2][0-9])/',function)
# 关键字传参
url(r'^data/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<day>[0-2][0-9])/',function)
视图函数中要给参数预留位置
路由分发
将不同功能的路由进行拆分, 将以某个匹配开头的路由分发到指定包去处理, 继续匹配后面内容
from django.conf.urls import include, url
urlpatterns=[
url("^app01", include("app01.url")) # 这里写导入路径或者把url导入进来写在这里都可以
]
app01.urls
from django.conf.urls import include, url
urlpatterns=[
url("nihao", func)
]
include - 返回的是个元组
def include(arg, namespace=None, app_name=None):
if app_name and not namespace:
raise ValueError('Must specify a namespace if specifying app_name.')
if app_name:
warnings.warn(
'The app_name argument to django.conf.urls.include() is deprecated. '
'Set the app_name in the included URLconf instead.',
RemovedInDjango20Warning, stacklevel=2
)
if isinstance(arg, tuple):
# callable returning a namespace hint
try:
urlconf_module, app_name = arg
except ValueError:
if namespace:
raise ImproperlyConfigured(
'Cannot override the namespace for a dynamic module that provides a namespace'
)
warnings.warn(
'Passing a 3-tuple to django.conf.urls.include() is deprecated. '
'Pass a 2-tuple containing the list of patterns and app_name, '
'and provide the namespace argument to include() instead.',
RemovedInDjango20Warning, stacklevel=2
)
urlconf_module, app_name, namespace = arg
else:
# No namespace hint - use manually provided namespace
urlconf_module = arg
if isinstance(urlconf_module, six.string_types): # 字符串类型的就导入进来
urlconf_module = import_module(urlconf_module)
patterns = getattr(urlconf_module, 'urlpatterns', urlconf_module)
app_name = getattr(urlconf_module, 'app_name', app_name)
if namespace and not app_name:
warnings.warn(
'Specifying a namespace in django.conf.urls.include() without '
'providing an app_name is deprecated. Set the app_name attribute '
'in the included module, or pass a 2-tuple containing the list of '
'patterns and app_name instead.',
RemovedInDjango20Warning, stacklevel=2
)
namespace = namespace or app_name
# Make sure we can iterate through the patterns (without this, some
# testcases will break).
if isinstance(patterns, (list, tuple)):
for url_pattern in patterns:
# Test if the LocaleRegexURLResolver is used within the include;
# this should throw an error since this is not allowed!
if isinstance(url_pattern, LocaleRegexURLResolver):
raise ImproperlyConfigured(
'Using i18n_patterns in an included URLconf is not allowed.')
return (urlconf_module, app_name, namespace)
def url(regex, view, kwargs=None, name=None):
if isinstance(view, (list, tuple)):
# For include(...) processing.
urlconf_module, app_name, namespace = view
return RegexURLResolver(regex, urlconf_module, kwargs, app_name=app_name, namespace=namespace)
elif callable(view):
return RegexURLPattern(regex, view, kwargs, name)
else:
raise TypeError('view must be a callable or a list/tuple in the case of include().')
反向解析和名称空间
反向解析的应用场景 : 在试图函数和模板中写了很多跳转的路由, 然后领导要求把urlpatterns里面改了,,, 改了这里相关的试图和html中的也要改,,,很容易漏掉
反向解析就为此而生
无参路由
首先要为路由设置一个名字
urlpatterns = [
url("aaaa", func, name="name")
]
在视图中使用
from django.urls import reverse
reverse('name')
模板中使用
{% url "name" %}
有参路由
同上
urlpatterns = [
url("aaaa/(/d+)", func, name="name")
]
在视图中使用
from django.urls import reverse
reverse('name', args=(1,)) # 无名参数, 按位置传
reverse('name', kwargs={"1":1}) # 命名参数, 按关键字传
在路由中使用
{% url "name" 1 %} # 按位置传
{% url "name" q1="1" %} # 按关键字传
名称空间
对于include其中的路由出现的同名现象, 不同功能中的路由可能是不同的人写的, 对于出现的同名的路由, 前面的那个会被替换.
urlpatterns=[
url("^app01", include("app01.url", namespace="app01"))
url("^app02", include("app02.url", namespace="app02"))
]
当设置了namespace时, 反向解析时必须用到
from django.urls import reverse
reverse('app01:name')
# 带参数的同上
路由中使用
{% url "app01:name" %}