JavaEE之ServletContext对象

ServletContext对象:

1. 概念:代表整个web应用,可以和程序的容器(服务器)来通信

2. 获取:

	1. 通过request对象获取
		request.getServletContext();
	2. 通过HttpServlet获取
		this.getServletContext();

代码示例

@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo1")
public class ServletContextDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1. 通过request对象获取
        ServletContext context1 = request.getServletContext();
        //2. 通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context2 = this.getServletContext();

        System.out.println(context1);
        System.out.println(context2);

        System.out.println(context1 == context2);//true


    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

3. 功能:

获取MIME类型:
		* MIME类型:在互联网通信过程中定义的一种文件数据类型
			* 格式: 大类型/小类型   text/html		image/jpeg

		* 获取:String getMimeType(String file)  
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo2")
public class ServletContextDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //2. 通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        //3. 定义文件名称
        String filename = "a.jpg";//image/jpeg
        
        //4.获取MIME类型
        String mimeType = context.getMimeType(filename);
        System.out.println(mimeType);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

域对象:共享数据
  1. setAttribute(String name,Object value)
  2. getAttribute(String name)
  3. removeAttribute(String name)

ServletContext对象范围:所有用户所有请求的数据,系统中所有用户均可以访问到的数据,比如张三往这个对象中存放数据,李四同样可以访问到张三保存的数据。这个要谨慎使用,因为存的数据不安全,其他用户也可以访问到。

代码示例
demo1:

@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo3")
public class ServletContextDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //2. 通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        //设置数据
        context.setAttribute("msg","haha");
        
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

demo2

@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo4")
public class ServletContextDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //2. 通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        //获取数据
        Object msg = context.getAttribute("msg");
        System.out.println(msg);

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

demo1 往context里面setAttribute了haha数据,通过msg获取。demo1没有任何转发重定向的操作,但是demo2可以获得haha,通过**getAttribute(“msg”)**同样可以获得。

获取文件的真实(服务器)路径
		1. 方法:String getRealPath(String path)  
			 String b = context.getRealPath("/b.txt");//web目录下资源访问
	         System.out.println(b);
	
	        String c = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/c.txt");//WEB-INF目录下的资源访问
	        System.out.println(c);
	
	        String a = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/a.txt");//src目录下的资源访问
	        System.out.println(a);
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo5")
public class ServletContextDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();


        // 获取文件的服务器路径
        String b = context.getRealPath("/b.txt");//web目录下资源访问
        System.out.println(b);
       // File file = new File(realPath);

        String c = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/c.txt");//WEB-INF目录下的资源访问
        System.out.println(c);

		//src目录下的的文件是存放在服务器中的WEB-INF/classes目录下
        String a = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/a.txt");//src目录下的资源访问
        System.out.println(a);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

案例:

文件下载需求:
	1. 页面显示超链接
	2. 点击超链接后弹出下载提示框
	3. 完成图片文件下载
分析:
	1. 超链接指向的资源如果能够被浏览器解析,则在浏览器中展示,如果不能解析,则弹出下载提示框。不满足需求
	2. 任何资源都必须弹出下载提示框
	3. 使用响应头设置资源的打开方式:
		* content-disposition:attachment;filename=xxx
步骤:
	1. 定义页面,编辑超链接href属性,指向Servlet,传递资源名称filename
	2. 定义Servlet
		1. 获取文件名称
		2. 使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
		3. 指定response的响应头: content-disposition:attachment;filename=xxx
		4. 将数据写出到response输出流

DownloadServlet

@WebServlet("/downloadServlet")
public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.获取请求参数,文件名称
        String filename = request.getParameter("filename");
        //2.使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
        //2.1找到文件服务器路径
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/img/" + filename);
        //2.2用字节流关联
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);

        //3.设置response的响应头
        //3.1设置响应头类型:content-type
        String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType(filename);//获取文件的mime类型
        response.setHeader("content-type",mimeType);
        //3.2设置响应头打开方式:content-disposition

        //解决中文文件名问题
        //1.获取user-agent请求头、
        String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
        //2.使用工具类方法编码文件名即可
        filename = DownLoadUtils.getFileName(agent, filename);

        response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+filename);
        //4.将输入流的数据写出到输出流中
        ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
        byte[] buff = new byte[1024 * 8];
        int len = 0;
        while((len = fis.read(buff)) != -1){
            sos.write(buff,0,len);
        }

        fis.close();


    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

util下的DownLoadUtils

public class DownLoadUtils {

    public static String getFileName(String agent, String filename) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        if (agent.contains("MSIE")) {
            // IE浏览器
            filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
            filename = filename.replace("+", " ");
        } else if (agent.contains("Firefox")) {
            // 火狐浏览器
            BASE64Encoder base64Encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
            filename = "=?utf-8?B?" + base64Encoder.encode(filename.getBytes("utf-8")) + "?=";
        } else {
            // 其它浏览器
            filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
        }
        return filename;
    }
}

问题:
	* 中文文件问题
		* 解决思路:
			1. 获取客户端使用的浏览器版本信息
			2. 根据不同的版本信息,设置filename的编码方式不同
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