qt事件机制

qt事件机制

In Qt, events are objects, derived from the abstract QEvent class, that represent things that have happened either within an application or as a result of outside activity that the application needs to know about. Events can be received and handled by any instance of a QObject subclass, but they are especially relevant to widgets.

1、事件的传递

When an event occurs, Qt creates an event object to represent it by constructing an instance of the appropriate QEvent subclass, and delivers it to a particular instance of QObject (or one of its subclasses) by calling its event() function.
This function does not handle the event itself; based on the type of event delivered, it calls an event handler for that specific type of event, and sends a response based on whether the event was accepted or ignored.
Some events, such as QMouseEvent and QKeyEvent, come from the window system; some, such as QTimerEvent, come from other sources; some come from the application itself.

1.1 事件传递原理/过程

事件是先传递给指定窗口部件的 ．确切地说应该是先传递给获得焦点的窗口部件。但是如果该部件忽略掉该事件，那么这个事件就会传递给这个部件的父部件。重新实现事件处理函数时 ．一般要调用父类的相应事件处理函数来实现默认操作 。

1.2 注意事项1：与父类/拥有类的传递

void MyLineEdit::keyPressEvent(QKeyEvent *event) // 键盘按下事件
{
    qDebug() << tr("MyLineEdit键盘按下事件");
    QLineEdit::keyPressEvent(event);// 执行QLineEdit类（父类）的默认事件处理
    event->ignore();// 忽略该事件，传递到拥有类中
}

1.3 注意事项2：事件过滤器

Sometimes an object needs to look at, and possibly intercept, the events that are delivered to another object. For example, dialogs commonly want to filter key presses for some widgets; for example, to modify Return-key handling.
The QObject::installEventFilter() function enables this by setting up an event filter, causing a nominated filter object to receive the events for a target object in its QObject::eventFilter() function. An event filter gets to process events before the target object does, allowing it to inspect and discard the events as required. An existing event filter can be removed using the QObject::removeEventFilter() function.

2、事件的处理

3、示例代码

《Qt Creator快速入门》第3版
main.app

#include "widget.h"
#include <QApplication>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QApplication a(argc, argv);
    Widget w;
    w.show();

    return a.exec();
}

widget.h

#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H

#include <QWidget>
class MyLineEdit;
namespace Ui {
class Widget;
}

class Widget : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    explicit Widget(QWidget *parent = 0);
    ~Widget();

    bool eventFilter(QObject *obj, QEvent *event);

private:
    Ui::Widget *ui;
    MyLineEdit *lineEdit;

protected:
    void keyPressEvent(QKeyEvent *event);

};

#endif // WIDGET_H

widget.cpp

#include "widget.h"
#include "ui_widget.h"
#include "mylineedit.h"
#include <QKeyEvent>
#include <QDebug>

Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) :
    QWidget(parent),
    ui(new Ui::Widget)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    lineEdit = new MyLineEdit(this);
    lineEdit->move(100, 100);

    lineEdit->installEventFilter(this);   // 在Widget上为lineEdit安装事件过滤器
}

Widget::~Widget()
{
    delete ui;
}

void Widget::keyPressEvent(QKeyEvent *event)
{
    qDebug() << tr("Widget键盘按下事件");
}

bool Widget::eventFilter(QObject *obj, QEvent *event) // 事件过滤器
{
    if(obj == lineEdit){              // 如果是lineEdit部件上的事件
        if(event->type() == QEvent::KeyPress)
            qDebug() << tr("Widget的事件过滤器");
            //return true;
    }
    bool x=QWidget::eventFilter(obj, event);
    qDebug() << x;
    return x;
}

mylineedit.h

#ifndef MYLINEEDIT_H
#define MYLINEEDIT_H

#include <QLineEdit>

class MyLineEdit : public QLineEdit
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit MyLineEdit(QWidget *parent = 0);

    bool event(QEvent *event);
protected:
    void keyPressEvent(QKeyEvent *event);
};

#endif // MYLINEEDIT_H

mylineedit.cpp

#include "mylineedit.h"
#include <QKeyEvent>
#include <QDebug>

MyLineEdit::MyLineEdit(QWidget *parent) :
    QLineEdit(parent)
{

}

void MyLineEdit::keyPressEvent(QKeyEvent *event) // 键盘按下事件
{
    qDebug() << tr("MyLineEdit键盘按下事件");
    QLineEdit::keyPressEvent(event);          // 执行QLineEdit类的默认事件处理
    event->ignore();                          // 忽略该事件
}


bool MyLineEdit::event(QEvent *event)  // 事件
{
    if(event->type() == QEvent::KeyPress)
        qDebug() << tr("MyLineEdit的event()函数");
    return QLineEdit::event(event);   // 执行QLineEdit类event()函数的默认操作
}