《笨方法学python》第三版 来自Percal25号行星的哥顿人

from sys import exit
from random import randint

class Scene(object):
    def enter(self):
        print("This scene is not yet configured.Subclass it and implements enter().")
        exit(1)


class Engine(object):
    def __init__(self,scene_map):#初始化传入一个Map类的对象
        self.scene_map=scene_map

    def play(self):
        current_scene=self.scene_map.opening_scene()#获取初始位置
        #print(1)

        while True:
            print("\n-----------------")
            
            #print(current_scene)
            next_scene_name=current_scene.enter()#进入当前场景并且将下一个场景的返回值赋给next_scene_name
            current_scene=self.scene_map.next_scene(next_scene_name)#获取下一个场景的名字


class Death(Scene):#死亡场景
    quips=[
           "You died.You kinda suck at this.",
           "You mom would be proud...if she were smater.",
           "Such a luser."
           "I have a small puppy that's better at this."
    ]
    def enter(self):
        print(Death.quips[randint(0,len(self.quips)-1)])#随机获取quips中的一个元素
        exit(1)

class CentralCorridor(Scene):
    def enter(self):
        print("The Gothon of Planet Percal #25 have invaded your ship and destroyed")
        print("your entire crew. You are the last surviving member and your last")
        print("mission is to get the neutron destruct bomb from the Weapons Armory,")
        print("put it in the bridge, and blow the ship up after getting into an")
        print("escape pod.")
        print("\n")
        print("You're running down the central corridor to the Weapon Armory when")
        print("a Gothon jumps ou, red scaly skin, dark grimy teeth, and evil clown the door to the")
        print("flowing around his hate filling body. He's blocking the door to the")
        print("Armory and about to pull a Weapon to blast you.")
        action=input(">")
        if action=="shoot!":
            print("""
                    Quick on the draw you yank out your blaster and fire it at the Gothon.
                    His clown costume is flowing and moving around his body,which throws
                    off your aim. Your laser hits his costume but misses him entirely. This
                    completely ruins his brand new costume his mother bought him,which
                    makes him fly into an insane rage and blast you repeatedly in the face until
                    you are dead. The he eats you.""")
            return 'death'
        elif action=="dodge!":
            print("""
                    Like a world class boxer you dodge,weave,slip and slide right
                    as the Gothon's blaster cranks a laser past your head.
                    In the middle of your artful dodge your foot slips and you
                    bang your head on the metal wall and pass out.
                    You wake up shortly after only to die as the Gothon stomps on
                    your head and eats you.""")
            return 'death'
        elif action=="tell a joke":
            print("""
                    Lucky for you they made you learn Gothon insults in the academy.
                    You tell the one Gothon joke you know:
                    Lbhe zbgure vf fb sng,jura fur fvgf nebhaq gur ubhfr, fur fvgf nebhaq gur ubhfr.
                    The Gothon stops,tries not to laugh,then busts out laughing and can't move.
                    While he's laughing you run up and shoot him square in the head
                    putting him down,them jump through the Weapon Armory door.""")
            return 'laser_weapon_armory'
        else:
            print("DOES NOT COMPULE!")
            return 'central_corridor'

class LasterWeaponArmory(Scene):
    def enter(self):
        print("""
                    You do a dive roll into the Weapon Armory.,crouch and scan the room
                    for more Gothons that might be hiding. It's dead quiet,too quiet.
                    You stand up and run to the far side of the room and find the
                    neutron bomb in its container. There's a keypad lock on the box
                    and you need the code to get the bomb out. If you get the code
                    wrong 10 times then the lock closes forever and you can't
                    get the bomb. The code is 3 digits.""")
        code="%d%d%d" %(randint(1,9),randint(1,9),randint(1,9))
        #print(code)
        guess=input("[keypad]> ")
        guesses=1
        while guess!=code and guesses<10:
            print("BZZZZEDDD!")
            guesses+=1
            guess=input("[keypad]> ")
        if guess==code:
            print("""
                    The container clicks open and the seal breaks,letting gas out.
                    You grab the neutron bomb and run as fast as you can to the
                    bridge whre you must place it in the right spot.""")
            return 'the_bridge'
        else:
            print("""
                    The lock buzzes one last time and then you hear a sickening
                    melting sound as the mechanism is fused together.
                    You decide to sit here,and finally the Gothons blow up the
                    ship from their ship and you die.""")
            return 'death'

class TheBridge(Scene):
    def enter(self):
        print("""
                You burst onto the Bridge with the neutron destruct bomb
                under your arm and surprise 5 Gothons who are trying to
                take control of the ship. Each of them has an even uglier
                clown costume than the last. The haven't pulled their
                weapons out yet,as they see the active bomb under your
                arm and don't want to set it off.""")
        action=input(">")
        if action=="throw the bomb":
            print("""
                    In a panic you throw the bomb at the group of Gothons
                    and make a leap for the door. Right as you drop it a
                    Gothon shoots you right in the back killing you.
                    As you die you see another Gothon frantically try to disarm
                    the bomb. You die knowing they will probably blow up when
                    it goes off.""")
            return 'death'
        elif action=="slowly place the bomb":
            print("""
                    You point your blaster at the bomb under your arm
                    and the Gothons put their hands up and start to sweat.
                    You inch backward to the door,open it ,and then carefully
                    place the bomb on the floor,pointing your blaster at it.
                    You then jump back through the door,punch the close button
                    and blast the lock so the Gothons can't get out.
                    Now that the bomb is placed you run to the escape pod to
                    get off this tin can.""")
            return 'escape_pod'
        else:
            print("DOES NOT COMPUTE!")
            return "the_bridge"

class EscapePod(Scene):
    def enter(self):
        print("""
                You rush through the ship desperately trying to make it to
                the escape pod before the whole ship explodes. It seems like
                hardly any Gothons are on the ship,so your run is clear of
                interference. You get to the chamber with the escape podds,and
                now need to pick one to take. Some of them could be damaged
                but you don't have time to look. There's 5 pods,which one
                do you take?""")
        good_pod=randint(1,5)
        print(good_pod)
        guess=input("[pod #]> ")
        if int(guess)!=good_pod:
            print("""
                    You jump into pod  %s and hit the eject button.
                    The pod escapes out into the void of space,then
                    implodes as the hull ruptures,crushing your body
                    into jam jelly"""% guess)
            return 'death'
        else:
            print("""
                    You jump into pod %s and hit the eject button.
                    The pod easily slides out into space heading to
                    the planet below. As it flies to the planet,you look
                    back and see your ship implode then explode like a
                    bright star,taking out the Gothon ship at the same
                    time. You won!""" % guess)
            exit(1)


class Map(object):
    #字典，用于场景变换
    scenes={
        'central_corridor':CentralCorridor(),
        'laser_weapon_armory':LasterWeaponArmory(),
        'the_bridge':TheBridge(),
        'escape_pod':EscapePod(),
        'death':Death()
    }
    def __init__(self,start_sence):#初始化开始的位置
        self.start_sence=start_sence

    def next_scene(self,scene_name):#根据字典获取位置的函数名
        return Map.scenes.get(scene_name)
    
    def opening_scene(self):#通过传入的字典的键调用next_scene返回字典的值（位置的函数名）
        return self.next_scene(self.start_sence)

a_map=Map('central_corridor')#游戏开始的时候位于central_corridor
a_game=Engine(a_map)
a_game.play()#开始游戏

游戏的重点就是场景的变换，此代码通过Engine中while循环变换，每次根据得到的返回值再通过Map中的函数转换

这是一个“有限状态机”

有限状态机是表示有限个状态以及在这些状态之间的转移和动作等行为的数学模型，

有多种类型的动作：

进入动作（entry action）：在进入状态时进行

退出动作：在退出状态时进行

输入动作：依赖于当前状态和输入条件进行

转移动作：在进行特定转移时进行