UDP(用户数据报协议)和套接字编程

• 源端口：发送方的端口号(需要对方回信是选用，不用时可全为0)
• 目的端口：终点交付报文时使用(把报文交给谁)
• UDP长度：UDP用户数据报的长度，最小值8(仅有首部)
• 校验和：检测UDP用户数据报在传输中是否有错

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UDP

特点

• 无连接的
• 尽最大努力交付，即不保证可靠交付
• 面向报文的
• 没有拥塞控制
• 支持一对一、一对多、多对多的交互通信
• 首部开销小，只有8个字节

UDP套接字(不需要监听和连接)

//server
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

void usage(const char* proc)
{
    printf("usage:%s [local_ip] [local_port]\n",proc);
}

int main(int argc,char*argv[])
{
    if(argc != 3)
    {
        usage(argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }

    int sk = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
    if(sk < 0)
    {
        perror("socket");
        return 2;
    }

    struct sockaddr_in local;
    local.sin_family = PF_INET;
    local.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
    local.sin_addr.s_addr =inet_addr(argv[1]);

    if(bind(sk,(struct sockaddr*)&local,sizeof(local))<0)
    {
        perror("bind");
        return 3;
    }

    while(1)
    {
        char buf[1024];
        struct sockaddr_in client;
        socklen_t len = sizeof(client);

        ssize_t s = recvfrom(sk,buf,sizeof(buf)-1,0,(struct sockaddr*)&client,&len);
        if(s > 0)
        {
            buf[s] = 0;
            printf("client# %s\n",buf);
            sendto(sk,buf,strlen(buf),0,(struct sockaddr*)&client,len);
        }
        else
        {
            close(sk);
            printf("client quit...\n");
            break;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

//client
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

void usage(const char* proc)
{
    printf("usage:%s [local_ip] [local_port]\n",proc);
}

int main(int argc,char*argv[])
{
    if(argc != 3)
    {
        usage(argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }
    int sk = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
    if(sk < 0)
    {
        perror("socket");
        return 2;
    }

    char buf[1024];
    struct sockaddr_in server;
    server.sin_family = PF_INET;
    server.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
    server.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);

    socklen_t len = sizeof(server);

    while(1)
    {
        printf("Please Enter#:");
        fflush(stdout);

        ssize_t s = read(0,buf,sizeof(buf)-1);
        if(s > 0)
        {
            buf[s-1] = 0;
            sendto(sk,buf,sizeof(buf)-1,0,(struct sockaddr*)&server,len);

            s = recvfrom(sk,buf,sizeof(buf)-1,0,(struct sockaddr*)&server,&len);
            if(s>0)
            {
                buf[s] = 0;
                printf("server echo#: %s\n",buf);
            }
        }
    }
}

//makefile
.PHONY:all
all:udp_server udp_client
udp_client:udp_client.c
    gcc -o $@ $^
udp_server:udp_server.c
    gcc -o $@ $^ 
.PHONY:clean
clean:
    rm -f udp_server udp_client