策略模式:定义一系列算法,把他们封装起来,并且使它们可以相互替换。
它主要有以下几个角色:
Strategy:抽象策略类:策略是一个接口,该接口定义若干个算法标识,即定义了若干个抽象方法
Context: 环境类 /上下文类
ConcreteStrategy: 具体策略类:具体策略是实现策略接口的类
1、优点
(1)算法可以自由切换
(2)避免使用多重条件判断
(3)扩展性良好,增加一个策略只需实现接口即可
2、缺点
(1)策略类数量会增多,每个策略都是一个类,复用性很小
(2)所有的策略类都需要对外暴露
测试示例:
Strategy:
public interface Strategy {
int doOperation(int num1, int num2);
}
ConcreteStrategy:
public class OperationAdd implements Strategy{
@Override
public int doOperation(int num1, int num2) {
return num1+num2;
}
}
public class OperationMultiply implements Strategy{
@Override
public int doOperation(int num1, int num2) {
return num1*num2;
}
}
public class OperationSubtract implements Strategy{
@Override
public int doOperation(int num1, int num2) {
return num1-num2;
}
}
Context:
public class Context {
private Strategy strategy;
public Context(Strategy strategy){
this.strategy = strategy;
}
public int executeStrategy(int num1, int num2){
return strategy.doOperation(num1, num2);
}
}
测试
public class StrategyPatternDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Context context = new Context(new OperationAdd());
System.out.println("10 + 5 = " + context.executeStrategy(10, 5));
context = new Context(new OperationSubtract());
System.out.println("10 - 5 = " + context.executeStrategy(10, 5));
context = new Context(new OperationMultiply());
System.out.println("10 * 5 = " + context.executeStrategy(10, 5));
}
}