c++ string类简介

一、string类介绍
string类位于std名称空间中，使用时std::string来引用，或者生命std的命名空间using namespace std，使用时可以省略std::。
1.string简单的使用demon

#include<iostream>
#include<string>

int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	char array[20];
	char array1[20]="hello";
	string str1;
	string str2="world";

	cout<<"输入数据到数组array中：";
	cin>>array;

	cout<<"输入数据到数组str1中：";
	cin>>str1;

	cout<<"array:"<<array<<endl;
	cout<<"array1:"<<array1<<endl;
	cout<<"str1:"<<str1<<endl;
	cout<<"str2:"<<str2<<endl;

	cout<<"str2[1]:"<<str2[1]<<endl;

	return 0;
}

运行结果：

二、string初试化
string类的初试化同样可以像c语言那样初试化字符串

string str1={"hello world!"};
string str2 {"hello stranger!"}

三、string类间的转换

1.赋值,可以直接将一个string类赋值给另外一个string类
string str1;
string str2="hello stranger!";
str1=str2;

2.合并操作
string str1="hello";
string str2="world!"
string str3;
str3=str1+str2;//将str1和str2拼接到str3中
str1 +=str2;//将str2的内容加到str1的末尾

3.计算大小
str1="hello";
int len;
len=str1.size();

四、输入输出

输入
string str1;
getline(cin,str1);

五、find相关

string STR("start");
char a = 'a';
STR.find(a); //查找字符串STR中有无a，有返索引位置，没有返回npos
STR.find(a,pos);//查找字符串STR的pos位置起始到结束位置有无a，有返回索引位置，无返回npos
STR.find_first_of(a);//返回a在STR中第一次出现的索引位置
STR.find_last_of(a);//返回a在STR中最后一次出现的索引位置
STR.find_first_not_of("hello");//查找第一个不包含参数字符的索引，返回s的位置，因为hello中无s
【注】：npos变量是string的静态成员，它的值是string对象能存储的最大字符数。

demon——猜字游戏

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<ctime>
#include<cctype>

using std::string;
const int NUM = 26;
const string wordlist[NUM] = {"apiary","beetle","cereal","danger","ensign","florid","garage","health","insult",
							  "jackal","keeper","loaner","manage","nonce","onset","plaid","quit","remote","stolid",
							  "train","useful","valid","whence","xenon","yearn","zippy"};

int main()
{
	using std::cout;
	using std::cin;
	using std::tolower;
	using std::endl;
	std::srand(std::time(0));
	char play;
	cout << "是否准备好开始游戏？<y/n>";
	cin >> play;
	play = tolower(play);//把字母字符转换成小写
	while(play == 'y')
	{
		string target = wordlist[std::rand() % NUM];
		int length = target.length();
		string attempt(length,'-');
		string badchars;
		int guesses = 6;
		cout << "猜测一下长度是" << length << "个字母的单词\n"
			 << "每次可以输入一个字母，你有" << guesses << "次错误的机会\n";
		cout << "猜测的对应位置: " << attempt << endl;
		while( guesses > 0 && attempt != target)
		{
			char letter;
			cout << "输入你猜测的字母: ";
			cin >> letter;
			if(badchars.find(letter) != string::npos || attempt.find(letter) != string::npos)
			{
				cout << "you already guessed that.Try again.\n";
				continue;
			}
			int loc = target.find(letter);
			if(loc == string::npos)
			{
				cout << "oh , bad guess!\n";
				--guesses;
				badchars += letter;
			}
			else
			{
				cout << "[" << __LINE__ << "]" <<"good guess!\n";
				attempt[loc] = letter;
				cout << "[" << __LINE__ << "]" << "===========loc is "<< loc << "| attempt is "<< attempt <<endl;
				loc = target.find(letter,loc+1);
				while(loc != string::npos)
				{
					cout << "[" << __LINE__ << "]" << "===========loc is "<< loc << "| attempt is "<< attempt <<endl;
					attempt[loc] =letter;
					cout << "[" << __LINE__ << "]" << "===========loc is "<< loc << "| attempt is "<< attempt <<endl;
					loc = target.find(letter,loc+1);
				}
			}
			cout << "you word: " << attempt << endl;
			if( attempt != target)
			{
				if(badchars.length() > 0)
					cout << "bad choices: " << badchars <<endl;
				cout << guesses << "bad guess left\n";
			}
		}
		if(guesses > 0)
			cout << "That's right!\n";
		else
			cout << "sorry,the word is " << target << ".\n";
		cout <<"will you play another?\n <y/n>";
		cin >> play;
		play = tolower(play);
	}
	cout << "Bye\n";
	return 0;
}
//摘自c++ Primer plus

运行结果：