Redhat(5)-ansible-loop-handler-errors-tags

1.编写loop和条件任务
2.实施handler
3.处理Errors
4.扩展-实施Tags
 

---

1.编写Loop和条件任务
 

 1.1 loop
条件查看：ansible.cfg
a)变量定义  var.yml
 

user1:jack
user2:tom

b)变量调用 config_user.yml

---
- name:
  hosts: servera
  tasks:
    - name:
      user:
        name: "{{ user1 }}"
        state: present
    - name:
      user:
        name: "{{ user2 }}"
        state: present

ansible-playbook config_user.yml

---
- name:
  hosts: servera
#  vars:
#    users:
#      - jack
#      - tom
  tasks:
    - name: create user {{ item }}  #此处不识别
      user:
        name: "{{ item }}"
        state: present
      loop:
        - jack
        - tom
    

 1.11循环-直接列表
 1.12.循环-变量 vars

---
- name:
  hosts: servera
  vars:
    users:
      - jack
      - tom
  tasks:
    - name: create user {{ item }}  #此处不识别
      user:
        name: "{{ item }}"
        state: present          #添加 present 删除：absent 
      loop:"{{ users }}"
     

 1.13.循环：列表+字典

---
- name:
  hosts: servera
  vars:
    users:
      - name:jack           #3.列表+字典
        uid:1011
      - name:tom
        uid:1012
  tasks:
    - name: create user {{ item }}  #此处不识别
      user:
        name: "{{ item.name }}"
        uid: "{{ item.uid }}"
        state: present          #添加 present 删除：absent 
      loop:"{{ users }}"

 1.2条件判断
字符串==，数字< 、>、...
变量是否定义 min_memory is defined,min_memory is not defined
memory avaliable,not memory avaliable
1.准备条件：

ansiblg.cfg

[defaults]
inventory=inventory
remote_user=root

inventory

[servers]
servera
serverb

vim ~/.vimrc
 

set ts=2 paste

1.21when+bool、数字

---
- name:test
  hosts: servera
  gather_facts: no
  vars:
    run_my_task: true   #0:false、no  #1：TRUE，yes    不区分大小写
  tasks:
    - name: test when
      debug:
        msg:
      when: run_my_task        #此处为bool值
      # when: run_my_task <15   #此处为数字

1.22when+文件的路径：vars=/etc/hosts

---
- name:test
  hosts: servera
  gather_facts: no
  vars:
    file_name: /etc/hosts
  tasks:
    - name: test when
      debug:
        msg:"{{ file_name}} is regular file"
      when: file_name is file    


#file:文件
#directory:目录
#link: 软链接
#mount:挂载点
#exist:路径   

1.23when+结果(succeeded+failed+changed+skiped）  

---
- name:test
  hosts: servera
  gather_facts: no
  vars:
    doshell:"yes"
  tasks:
    - shell: cat /etc/hosts
      register:result
      ignore_errors:true
      when:doshell=="yes"
    - name: success
      debug:
        msg: success
      when: result is succeeded   
      when: result is failed 
      when: result is changed
      when: result is skipped


#succeeded:成功
#failed:  失败
#changed: 改变
#skiped:  跳过
  

1.24 字符串大小写+奇数偶数（string +lower+upper+number+even+odd）
1.25 变量值是否在另一个变量当中
in ,not in
 

---
- name:test
  hosts: servera 
  gather_facts:no
  vars:
    my_special_user:devops
    superusers:
     - root
     - wheel
  tasks:
    - name:
      user:
        name:
        groups:
        append:yes
      when: my_special_user not in superusers

1.26 多个条件
and
 

when: ansible kernel=="" and inventory_hostname in groups['']
when:
  - ansible kernel==""
  - inventory_hostname in groups['']

2.实施Handlers

2.1由其他任务通知执行的任务 inactive 任务，通过notify调用。
    每次yum安装都重启。
 

---
- name: deploy server
  hosts: servera
  tasks:
    - name: install packages
      yum:
        name: httpd
        state: present
      notify:
        - restart apache

    - name: enable httpd service
      service:
        name: httpd
        enabled: yes
        state: started

    - name: install httpd-manual
      yum:
        name: httpd-manual
        state: present
      notify:
        - restart apache
   
   handlers:
     - name: restart apache
       service:
         name: httpd
         state: restarted

      

3.处理Errors

  3.1执行失败
  3.11- 忽略任务 error 
       yum:
           name:
           state:
        ignore_errors:yes     
          

---
- name: deploy server
  hosts: servera
  gather_facts: no
  vars:
    doshell:"yes"
  tasks:
    - shell: cat /etc/hostsads
      register: result
        ignore_errors: true           #忽略失败，执行debug failed   
        when: doshell == "yes"
    - name: success
      debug:
        msg: success
      when: result is succeeded
    - name: failed
      debug:
        msg: failed
      when: result is failed
    - name: changed
      debug:
        msg: changed
        enabled: yes
        when: result is changed
   
   handlers:
     - name: restart apache
       service:
         name: httpd
         state: restarted

      

 3.12失败后handlers是不调用的，如果要执行        
      force_handlers:yes

---
- name:test
  hosts:servera
  force_handlers: yes             #即使失败也要执行
  tasks:
    - name: a task which always notifies its hander
      command: /bin/true
      notify: restart the sshd
    - name:
      yum:
        name: notapkg
        state: latest
   handlers:
     - name:
       service:
         name: sshd
         state: restarted

3.2fail模块
    3.21fail模块后是不执行的。
     playbook 要么执行完成退出，要么执行完成退出。如果想中间退出就用fail.

---
- name:test
  hosts:servera
  force_handlers: yes             #即使失败也要执行
  gather_facts: no                #不收集
  tasks:
    - name: a task which always notifies its hander
      command: /bin/true
      notify: restart the sshd

    - fail:                       #fail后是不执行的
    - debug:       
        msg:  hello
  
   handlers:
     - name:
       service:
         name: sshd
         state: restarted

3.22执行任务失败条件
   fail与when配合使用
   -fail：
    when:
  或者 failed_when:

 

--- name: test fail module
    hosts: servera
    tasks:
      - shell: /root/adduser
        register: command_result
      - fail:
          msg:" add user "
        when: "'failed' in command_result.stdout"

--- name: test fail module
    hosts: servera
    tasks:
      - shell: /root/adduser
        register: command_result
      - failed_when:"'failed' in command_result.stdout"

--- name: test fail module
    hosts: servera
    gather_facts: no
    tasks:
      - shell: /root/adduser
        register: command_result
        changed_when:"'success' in command_result.stdout"
      - debug:
          var: command_result
      - fail:
          msg: "add user"
         when:"'failed' in command_result.stdout"

3.23指定任务变更条件
 changed_when:
 

---
- name: test when  #任务结果状态为改变
  hosts:servera
  gather_facts:no
  tasks:
  - name: test changed when
    shell: cat /etc/redhat.rel
    changed_when:false

3.3 block:
3.31多个任务都在when时触发。

---
- name: block 
  hosts: servera
  tasks:
    - block:                    #when与block对齐
        -debug:
           msg: task1
        -debug:
           msg: task2
       when: ansible_distrbution=="RedHat"

3.32block -rescue(block中出错时执行)-always(block是否成功都会运行always)
 

4.扩展-实施Tags
4.1执行 tags标签 ：         ansible-playbook tags.yml --list-tags
4.2执行 tags webserver ：ansible-playbook tags.yml --tags webserver
4.3跳过 tags webserver : ansible-playbook tags.yml  --skip-tags webserver

 

---
- name: test tags
  hosts: servera
  gather_facts: no 
  tasks:
    - name:  httpd is installed
      yum:
        name: httpd
        state: latest
      tags: webserver

    - name: postfix is installed
      yum:
        name: postfix
        state: latest
      tags: mailserver
    
    - name: always debug
      debug: 
        msg: debug
      tags:
        - always