Qt6 QML Book/JavaScript/JS语言

JS Language

JS语言

This chapter will not give you a general introduction to JavaScript. There are other books out there for a general introduction to JavaScript, please visit this great side on Mozilla Developer Network.

​本章不会对JavaScript进行一般性介绍。关于JavaScript的一般介绍，还有其他书籍，请访问Mozilla开发者网络并查看。

On the surface JavaScript is a very common language and does not differ a lot from other languages:

从表面上看，JavaScript是一种非常常见的语言，与其他语言没有太大区别：

function countDown() {
  for(var i=0; i<10; i++) {
    console.log('index: ' + i)
  }
}

function countDown2() {
  var i=10;
  while( i>0 ) {
    i--;
  }
}

But be warned JS has function scope and not block scope as in C++ (see Functions and function scope).

​但要警告的是，JS具有函数范围，而不是在C++的中阻塞作用域（参见函数和函数范围）。

The statements if ... else, break, continue also work as expected. The switch case can also compare other types and not just integer values:

声明关键字if ... else, break, continue可以正常使用。开关语句也可以类比其他语言，且不限于整数值：

function getAge(name) {
  // switch over a string
  switch(name) {
  case "father":
    return 58;
  case "mother":
    return 56;
  }
  return unknown;
}

JS knows several values which can be false, e.g. false, 0, "", undefined, null). For example, a function returns by default undefined. To test for false use the === identity operator. The == equality operator will do type conversion to test for equality. If possible use the faster and better === strict equality operator which will test for identity (see Comparison operators).

​JS知道几个可能为false的值，例如false, 0, "", undefined, null）。例如，函数默认返回undefined值。要测试错误，请使用===标识运算符。==相等运算符将进行类型转换以测试相等性。如果可能，使用更快更好的===严格相等运算符，它将测试标识（请参阅比较运算符）。

Under the hood, javascript has its own ways of doing things. For example arrays:

其实，javascript有自己的做事方式。例如数组：

function doIt() {
  var a = [] // empty arrays
  a.push(10) // addend number on arrays
  a.push("Monkey") // append string on arrays
  console.log(a.length) // prints 2
  a[0] // returns 10
  a[1] // returns Monkey
  a[2] // returns undefined
  a[99] = "String" // a valid assignment
  console.log(a.length) // prints 100
  a[98] // contains the value undefined
}

Also for people coming from C++ or Java which are used to an OO language JS just works differently. JS is not purely an OO language it is a so-called prototype based language. Each object has a prototype object. An object is created based on his prototype object. Please read more about this in the book Javascript the Good Parts by Douglas Crockford.

​同样，对于来自面向对象的语言的C++或java的人来说，JS的工作方式也不同。JS不是一种纯粹的面向对象的语言，而是一种所谓的基于原型的语言。每个对象都有一个原型对象。根据他的原型对象创建一个对象。请在Douglas Crockford的《Javascript the Good Parts》一书中阅读更多关于这方面的内容。

To test some small JS snippets you can use the online JS Console or just build a little piece of QML code:

​要测试一些小的JS代码片段，可以使用在线JS控制台，或者只构建一小段QML代码：

import QtQuick 2.5

Item {
  function runJS() {
    console.log("Your JS code goes here");
  }
  Component.onCompleted: {
    runJS();
  }
}