Lesson 11 Not guilty 无罪

【 New words and expressions 】 生词和短语

◆ guilty                                    adj. 犯罪的，违法的

◆ tolerant                                adj. 宽容的

◆ declare                                v. 申报

◆ hardened                            adj. 有经验的

◆ professional                       adj. 职业的，专业的

◆ smuggler                            n. 走私者

◆ officious                              adj. 爱管闲事的

◆ confidently                         adj. 自信地

◆ dreadful                              adj. 可怕的，一团糟的

◆ pounce                                v. 猛抓， 扑住

◆ perfume                              n. 香水

◆ sarcastically                       adv. 讽刺地

◆ exempt                                adj. 被免除的

◆ duty                                      n. 税

◆ gel                                        n. 凝胶

◆ mixture                                n. 混合物

◆ unscrew                              v. 拧开

◆ nostril                                  n. 鼻孔

◆ chalk                                    n. 粉笔

◆ baggage                             n. 行李

 

★ guilty adj. 犯罪的，违法的

He felt guilty when he did what he shouldn’t have done.

He said that with a guilty smile.

guilt n.

guiltily a.

反义词： innocent, innocence n.

 

★ tolerant adj. 宽容的

a tolerant person must be easy going.

tolerantly ad.

tolerance n.

tolerate vt.

tolerable adj. 可以忍受的，说得过去的

 

★ declare v. 申报

★ hardened adj. 有经验的

（侧重于老练的）

a hardened player

a hardened thief

 

experienced ( 侧重于有经验的 )

an experienced teacher

 

★ professional adj. 职业的，专业的

a professional player   选手

 

★ smuggler n. 走私者

★ officious adj. 爱管闲事的

a lot of old ladies are officious.

officiously adv.

officiousness n.

officious civil servant 好管闲事的公务员

an officious police officer

official 官方的，官员的，正式的

An official inquiry will be made into this matter. 对此事将进行一次官方调查

 

★ confidently adj. 自信地

He went to do the work confidently.

= with confidence 充满信心的

 

confident adj.

confidence n.

  have confidence 有信心

  gain confidence 获得信心

  in confidence 悄悄的，秘密的 = secretly

  take sb. into one’s confidence 以某人为心腹

Eg: The boss take his secretary into his confidence.

 

★ dreadful adj. 可怕的，一团糟的

= frightful （表示胆怯的，恐惧的）

dreadful ( 侧重于可怕的，乱七八糟的 )

 

★ pounce v. 猛抓， 扑住

★ perfume n. 香水

fragrance: （抽象名词） 芬芳，芳香

 

★ sarcastically adv. 讽刺地

★ exempt adj. 被免除的

★ duty n. 税

Customs Duty: 关税

Stamp duty 印花税

duty free 免税的

 

同义词 tax  income tax 所得税

 

★ gel n. 凝胶

★ mixture n. 混合物

mix v.   mix sth. with

 

★ unscrew v. 拧开

★ nostril n. 鼻孔

★ chalk n. 粉笔

★ baggage n. 行李

同义词 luggage

 

【 Text 】

§ Lesson 11 Not guilty 无罪

Q: What was the Customs Officer looking for?

 

Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days, but they can still stop you when you are going through the Green Channel and have nothing to declae. Even really honest people are often made to feel guilty. The hardened professional smuggler, on the other hand, is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase. When I returned from abroad recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.

'Have you anything to declare?' he asked, looking me in the eye.

'No,' I answered confidently.

'Would you mind unlocking this suitcase please ?'

'Not at all,' I answered.

The Officer went through the case with great care. All the things I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess. I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again. Suddenly, I saw the Officer's face light up. He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight.

'Perfume, eh?' he asked sarcastically. 'You should have declared that. ' Perfume is not exempt from import duty.'

'But it isn't perfume,' I said.' It's hair-oil.' Then I added with a smile,' It's a strange mixture I make myself.'

As I expected, he did not believe me.

'Try it!' I said encouragingly.

The Officer unscrewed the cap and put the bottle to his nostrils. He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which convinced him that I was telling the truth. A few minutes later, I was able to hurry away with precious chalk-marks on my baggage.

 

【课文讲解】

quite tolerant

我们在运用形容词、动词时，往往需要用副词来强调。

表示“真正的” really

a really officious person

强调“特别，尤其是” particularly

强调“绝对的” absolutely

强调“完全的，彻底的” completely, entirely, fully, thoroughly

 

L11-01  end  10’35”

 

L11-02  begin  9’33”

 

fairly---- 强调“一般般”

very ---- 语气程度强烈“非常”

rather---- 语意程度接近 fairly, 注意修饰形容词和副词，特别是形容词同时修饰名词时，不定冠词的位置。

A fairly good book.

A rather good book / Rather a good book

rather too

 

quite---- ~ right / wrong / mistaken / sure 绝对不能用 very 替代。

Even really honest people…

a particularly officious young Customs Officer…

the Green Channel = the Custom Office

 

are made to feel guilty

madk, have, let 及感官性动词 see, hear, notice, feel 用于主动语态，符合宾语不定式的 to 符号应该省略。但这种结构改成被动式时，不定式符号必须还原。

We heard someone come up the stairs.

Someone was heard to come up the stairs.

 

(On the one hand…, ) on the other hand

  On the one hand we could stay and help you, but on the other hand it might be better if you went to help him instead.

 

hidden in his suitcase

过去分词短语作定语，修饰 watches.

even if / though he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.

 

looking me in the eye: 两眼直盯盯的注视着我

look sb. in the face, stare sb. in the eye = look directly at sb.

Not one of the men dared look him in the eye.

 

'Would you mind unlocking this suitcase please ?'

 

L11-02 end  9’33”

 

L11-03 begin  10’44”

 

The Officer went through the case with great care. = The Officer examined the case carefully.

with great care---- 强调相当的仔细

 

in a mess: 乱作一团

介词 in 和名词搭配，表示一种状态

  秩序井然 ： in good order

  身体健康 ： in good health

  心情好 ：    in a good mood

  脾气好 ：    in a good temper

 

light up: 喜气洋洋 ， 容光焕发

Eg: Masha's face lit up when she saw her old friend.

    His face lighted up at the small triumph.

    Tom really lighted up when he saw the new biccycle.

light 有两种过去分词 ， 过去式形式 ： lit, lighted

但是如果运用过去分词作定语 ， 表示被点燃的。要用 lighted

一只被点燃的雪茄： a lighted cigar

点燃的火炬：       a lighted stick.

 

介词短语－－ with delight “ 欣喜若狂的 ”

with 和抽象名词搭配，表示内心充满了一种感情

自信地 ：   with confidence

细心地 ：   with care

骄傲的 ：   with pride

欣喜若狂的 ： with delight

惊讶的 ：     with surprise

pounce on: 向 … 猛扑过去 ， 对 … 大做文章

Eg: The policeman pounced on the thief.

Don't pounce on my mistake.

 

should have 和过去分词搭配，表示本应该做某事却没有做，具有谴责性的味道。

  You should have arrived here five minutes earlier.

  You should have told me about it.

本不应该做某事： shouldn’t have done

 

exempt: 免除的，被免除的   be ~ from

Drinks are not exempt from import duty.

 

as---- 关系代词， 引导非限制性定语从句。他所指代的内容就是主句的整个句子的含义。

  As we know, the earth is round. ( 众所周知 )

  As Brian pointed out, … （正如 … 所指出的）

  正如我很快得知的： as sb. mentioned

关系代词 as 和 which 的区别：

  as 所引导 的非限制性定语从句，可用在主句之前

  which 引导的非限制性定语从句，只能用在主句之后。

 

副词形式： encouragingly

 He was greeted by an unpleasant smell…

   greet: 问候，向 … 致意；觉察到 , 呈现在 … 眼前，在 … 耳边

I woke up and was greeted by a bird’s song.

Inside the room adreadful mess greeted us.

When he went into the kitchen, a smell greeted him.

 

precious: 珍贵的

 

L11-03  end  10’44”

 

L11-04 begin

 

【 Multiple choice questions 】

Comprehension

1  What makes really honest peole feel guilty when going through Customs?

a. Having five hunred gold watches hidden in their suitcases.

b. The particularly officious way Customs Officers always ask questions.

c. The fact that they are treatedas potential smugglers.

d. Carrying things which are not exempt from imart duty.

1. C

 

2  What madethe Customs Officer’s face light up?

a. Knowing ow difficult it would be for the writer to close si case.

b. Seeing the bottle of hair gel which he could charge duty on.

c. The idea of having found something which should have been declared.

d. discovering an unopened bottle of erfume at the bottom of the case.

what---- 名词

2 ． C

 

3  The writer was in a hurry to get away because _____ .

a. he had grown impatient at having taken so long to get through Customs

b. he was anxious to get away from the unleasant smell

c. he was afraid he might still be stopped for smuggling

d. he was trying to escape with precious chalk marks

3. A

 

Structure

4  The Customs Offficer asked him _____ he had anything to declare. )l.9)

a. that    b. what    c. for    d. whether

4. D

 

5  ‘Have you anything to declare?’ he asked, looking _____ .(l.9)

a. direct to me    b. me directly    c. directly at me    d. in my direction

look him in the eye / face = liik directly at him

5. C

 

6  ‘Would you _____ please? (l.11)

a. unlock kindly this suitcase    b. kindly unlick this suitcase 

c. unlock this suitcasekindly     d. be kind to unlock this suitcase

Would you kindly do sth. please?

6. B

 

7  he told him he _____ it. (l.16)

a. ought to have declared    b. must hsve declared    c. had to declare    d. neededto declare

7. A

 

8  _____ the cap, the Officer put the bottle to his nostrils. (l.22)

a. Having unscrewed    b. Unscrewed    c. Being unscrewed    d. With unscewed

8. A

Having finished his homework, he went to bed.

 

Vocabulary

9  Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days. They are _____ . (l.1)

a. tolerable    b. placid    c. easy-going    d. negligent

tolerable 能忍耐的，可忍受的    placid 平静的     tolerable 宽容的，好相处的 negligent 疏忽的

9 ． C

 

10  A hardened professional smuggler feels _____ his behaviour. )ll.4-5)

a. unashamed of    b. unwronged by    c. unshocked by    d. guiltless of

10. A

feel ashamed of 为 … 感到羞愧

gultless of 无辜的

 

★ 11  As I expected, he was _____ . (l.20)

a. incomprehensible   b. incredible    c. incredulous    d. sceptical

incomprehensible = unable to be understood

  The article is full of incomprehensible technical expressions.

incredible = unbelievable 难以置信的

What you said is incredible.

incredulous 不轻信的

skeptical = unwilling to believe 不愿意想念的，持怀疑态度的

11. D

 

12  I was able to hurry away with recious chalk marks on my _____ . (ll.23-24_

a. hangbags    b. luggage    c. casement    d. equipment

baggage = luggage

12. B

L11-04  end   8’29”

L12-01  begin  7’52”