2-3 浮点数的秘密

先看下一下代码：

int main()
{
    printf("sizeof(int) = %d\n",sizeof(int));
    printf("sizeof(float) = %d\n",sizeof(float));
    return 0;
}

打印结果如下：

同样是占用4字节空间，为何int的表示范围是-2147483648~2147483647；而float类型的表示范围是-3.4*10^38~3.4*10^38；

明显float表示的范围要比int广，这是为何？

因为浮点数（还有double类型的数）表示的数都是不精确的；

举个例子：

int main()
{
    printf("%0.50f\n",2.7);
    printf("%0.50f\n",0.2);
    return 0;
}

其实float和double类型是按照IEEE 754标准进行数据存放的，float中E为8bit，M为23bit，double中E为11bit，M为52bit

 

那如何确认这类浮点数的精度呢？

For EPSILON, you can use the constants FLT_EPSILON, which is defined for float as 1.192092896e-07F, or DBL_EPSILON, which is defined for double as 2.2204460492503131e-016. You need to include float.h for these constants. These constants are defined as the smallest positive number x, such that x+1.0 is not equal to 1.0. Because this is a very small number, you should employ user-defined tolerance for calculations involving very large numbers.

按照定义：

#define DBL_EPSILON      2.2204460492503131E-16
#define FLT_EPSILON     1.19209290E-07F
#define LDBL_EPSILON     1.084202172485504E-19

和我们常说的float精度7-8位，double精度16-17bit一致；那具体为什么是取这些值呢？

https://www.jianshu.com/p/306ef3d99b81 这篇文章里面有很详细的描述，建议参考http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_precision