装饰模式-Decorator Pattern

基本概念

装饰模式，动态地给一个对象添加一些额外的职责，就增加功能来说，装饰模式比使用子类继承父类更为灵活，装饰模式可以有效地把类的核心职责和附加功能区分开。

结构图

 

上图摘自《大话设计模式》

应用场景

当需要往旧的类中添加新的方法或新的逻辑的时候，如果在主类中添加，会增加主类的复杂度；这些需要加入的东西如果仅仅是为了满足某些特定行为的需要，可以作为装饰功能来添加，从而使用装饰模式，使主类不变，仅负责核心职责的实现。

源码示例（以绘制图形作为主类核心职责，以添加边框颜色作为装饰功能）

1.创建Shape接口

package com.spook.decorator;

/**
 * Shape接口
 */
public interface Shape {
	public void draw();

}

2.创建Circle类

package com.spook.decorator;

/**
 * Circle类
 */
public class Circle implements Shape {

	@Override
	public void draw() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("draw circle");
	}

}

3.创建Square类

package com.spook.decorator;

/**
 * Square类
 */
public class Square implements Shape {

	@Override
	public void draw() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("draw square");
	}

}

4.装饰者抽象类，实现Shape接口

package com.spook.decorator;

/**
 * 装饰者抽象类
 */
public abstract class ShapeDecorator implements Shape {

	protected Shape decoratedShape;

	public ShapeDecorator(Shape shape) {
		this.decoratedShape = shape;
	}

	@Override
	public void draw() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if (decoratedShape != null) {
			decoratedShape.draw();
		}
	}

}

5.蓝色边框装饰功能实现类

package com.spook.decorator;

/**
 * 蓝色边框装饰者类
 */
public class BlueShapeDecorator extends ShapeDecorator {

	public BlueShapeDecorator(Shape shape) {
		super(shape);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	@Override
	public void draw() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.draw();
		setBlueBorder(decoratedShape);
	}

	private void setBlueBorder(Shape decoratedShape) {
		System.out.println("Border Color: Blue");
	}

}

6.红色边框装饰功能实现类

package com.spook.decorator;

/**
 * 红色边框装饰者类
 */
public class RedShapeDecorator extends ShapeDecorator {

	public RedShapeDecorator(Shape shape) {
		super(shape);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	@Override
	public void draw() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.draw();
		setRedBorder(decoratedShape);
	}
	
	private void setRedBorder(Shape decoratedShape) {
		System.out.println("Border Color: Red");
	}
}

7.测试类

package com.spook.decorator;

/**
 * 测试类
 */
public class Test {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Shape blueCircle = new BlueShapeDecorator(new Circle());
		blueCircle.draw();

		Shape redSquare = new RedShapeDecorator(new Square());
		redSquare.draw();

	}

}

运行测试类输出如下内容：

draw circle
Border Color: Blue
draw square
Border Color: Red