树莓派3B+摄像头使用&picamera库

本文为参加无人驾驶车课程学习整理的笔记,致谢毕滢老师!

一.测试摄像头是否可用

打开树莓派的终端程序,输入
cd Desktop
raspistill -o imagejpg     #注意是字母o,而不是数字0
摄像头会打开几秒
拍一-张照片命名为image.jpg
存在树莓派桌面

摄像头以最大分辨率拍摄一张照片
2592x1944
 

二.命令行控制树莓派摄像头一raspistill

pi@raspberrypi:~/Desktop $ raspistill

"raspistill" Camera App (commit 6e6a2c859a17 Tainted)

Runs camera for specific time, and take JPG capture at end if requested

usage: raspistill [options]

Image parameter commands

-q, --quality	: Set jpeg quality <0 to 100>
-r, --raw	: Add raw bayer data to jpeg metadata
-l, --latest	: Link latest complete image to filename <filename>
-t, --timeout	: Time (in ms) before takes picture and shuts down (if not specified, set to 5s)
-th, --thumb	: Set thumbnail parameters (x:y:quality) or none
-d, --demo	: Run a demo mode (cycle through range of camera options, no capture)
-e, --encoding	: Encoding to use for output file (jpg, bmp, gif, png)
-x, --exif	: EXIF tag to apply to captures (format as 'key=value') or none
-tl, --timelapse	: Timelapse mode. Takes a picture every <t>ms. %d == frame number (Try: -o img_%04d.jpg)
-fp, --fullpreview	: Run the preview using the still capture resolution (may reduce preview fps)
-k, --keypress	: Wait between captures for a ENTER, X then ENTER to exit
-s, --signal	: Wait between captures for a SIGUSR1 or SIGUSR2 from another process
-g, --gl	: Draw preview to texture instead of using video render component
-gc, --glcapture	: Capture the GL frame-buffer instead of the camera image
-bm, --burst	: Enable 'burst capture mode'
-dt, --datetime	: Replace output pattern (%d) with DateTime (MonthDayHourMinSec)
-ts, --timestamp	: Replace output pattern (%d) with unix timestamp (seconds since 1970)
-fs, --framestart	: Starting frame number in output pattern(%d)
-rs, --restart	: JPEG Restart interval (default of 0 for none)

GL parameter commands

-gs, --glscene	: GL scene square,teapot,mirror,yuv,sobel,vcsm_square
-gw, --glwin	: GL window settings <'x,y,w,h'>

Common Settings commands

-?, --help	: This help information
-w, --width	: Set image width <size>
-h, --height	: Set image height <size>
-o, --output	: Output filename <filename> (to write to stdout, use '-o -'). If not specified, no file is saved
-v, --verbose	: Output verbose information during run
-cs, --camselect	: Select camera <number>. Default 0
-md, --mode	: Force sensor mode. 0=auto. See docs for other modes available
-gps, --gpsdexif	: Apply real-time GPS information to output (e.g. EXIF in JPG, annotation in video (requires libgps.so.23)

Preview parameter commands

-p, --preview	: Preview window settings <'x,y,w,h'>
-f, --fullscreen	: Fullscreen preview mode
-op, --opacity	: Preview window opacity (0-255)
-n, --nopreview	: Do not display a preview window
-dn, --dispnum	: Display on which to display the preview window (dispmanx/tvservice numbering)

Image parameter commands

-sh, --sharpness	: Set image sharpness (-100 to 100)
-co, --contrast	: Set image contrast (-100 to 100)
-br, --brightness	: Set image brightness (0 to 100)
-sa, --saturation	: Set image saturation (-100 to 100)
-ISO, --ISO	: Set capture ISO
-vs, --vstab	: Turn on video stabilisation
-ev, --ev	: Set EV compensation - steps of 1/6 stop
-ex, --exposure	: Set exposure mode (see Notes)
-fli, --flicker	: Set flicker avoid mode (see Notes)
-awb, --awb	: Set AWB mode (see Notes)
-ifx, --imxfx	: Set image effect (see Notes)
-cfx, --colfx	: Set colour effect (U:V)
-mm, --metering	: Set metering mode (see Notes)
-rot, --rotation	: Set image rotation (0-359)
-hf, --hflip	: Set horizontal flip
-vf, --vflip	: Set vertical flip
-roi, --roi	: Set region of interest (x,y,w,d as normalised coordinates [0.0-1.0])
-ss, --shutter	: Set shutter speed in microseconds
-awbg, --awbgains	: Set AWB gains - AWB mode must be off
-drc, --drc	: Set DRC Level (see Notes)
-st, --stats	: Force recomputation of statistics on stills capture pass
-a, --annotate	: Enable/Set annotate flags or text
-3d, --stereo	: Select stereoscopic mode
-dec, --decimate	: Half width/height of stereo image
-3dswap, --3dswap	: Swap camera order for stereoscopic
-ae, --annotateex	: Set extra annotation parameters (text size, text colour(hex YUV), bg colour(hex YUV), justify, x, y)
-ag, --analoggain	: Set the analog gain (floating point)
-dg, --digitalgain	: Set the digital gain (floating point)
-set, --settings	: Retrieve camera settings and write to stdout


Notes

Exposure mode options :
off,auto,night,nightpreview,backlight,spotlight,sports,snow,beach,verylong,fixedfps,antishake,fireworks

Flicker avoid mode options :
off,auto,50hz,60hz

AWB mode options :
off,auto,sun,cloud,shade,tungsten,fluorescent,incandescent,flash,horizon,greyworld

Image Effect mode options :
none,negative,solarise,sketch,denoise,emboss,oilpaint,hatch,gpen,pastel,watercolour,film,blur,saturation,colourswap,washedout,posterise,colourpoint,colourba